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The thematic map types that could be generated by SYMAP. Perhaps the first general-purpose software that provided a range of GIS functionality was the Synagraphic Mapping Package (SYMAP), developed by Howard T. Fisher and others at the nascent Harvard Laboratory for Computer Graphics and Spatial Analysis starting in 1965.
Location information (known by the many names mentioned here) is stored in a geographic information system (GIS). There are also many different types of geodata, including vector files, raster files, geographic databases, web files, and multi-temporal data.
Address geocoding, or simply geocoding, is the process of taking a text-based description of a location, such as an address or the name of a place, and returning geographic coordinates, frequently latitude/longitude pair, to identify a location on the Earth's surface. [1]
Location-based service (LBS) is a general term denoting software services which use geographic data and information to provide services or information to users. [1] LBS can be used in a variety of contexts, such as health, indoor object search, [2] entertainment, [3] work, personal life, etc. [4] Commonly used examples of location-based services include navigation software, social networking ...
The shapefile format is a digital vector storage format for storing geographic location and associated attribute information. This format lacks the capacity to store topological information. The shapefile format was introduced with ArcView GIS version 2 in the early 1990s.
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GIS data acquisition includes several methods for gathering spatial data into a GIS database, which can be grouped into three categories: primary data capture, the direct measurement phenomena in the field (e.g., remote sensing, the global positioning system); secondary data capture, the extraction of information from existing sources that are ...
Web maps require the internet to host, so they are subject to link rot, making information inaccessible. [37] Unlike physical maps, this can have major impacts on the historical record if the web map is the only source for the data it presents. Web mapping is also used in geography games, notably of which is GeoGuessr.