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  2. Unpolarized light - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unpolarized_light

    Unpolarized light can be produced from the incoherent combination of vertical and horizontal linearly polarized light, or right- and left-handed circularly polarized light. [1] Conversely, the two constituent linearly polarized states of unpolarized light cannot form an interference pattern, even if rotated into alignment (Fresnel–Arago 3rd ...

  3. Near-infrared window in biological tissue - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Near-infrared_window_in...

    Melanin is a chromophore that exists in the human epidermal layer of skin responsible for protection from harmful UV radiation. When melanocytes are stimulated by solar radiation, melanin is produced. [7] Melanin is one of the major absorbers of light in some biological tissue (although its contribution is smaller than other components).

  4. Fovea centralis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fovea_centralis

    The fovea centralis is a small, central pit composed of closely packed cones in the eye.It is located in the center of the macula lutea of the retina. [1] [2]The fovea is responsible for sharp central vision (also called foveal vision), which is necessary in humans for activities for which visual detail is of primary importance, such as reading and driving.

  5. Birefringence - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birefringence

    Light from the source is polarized in the x direction after passing through the first polarizer, but above the specimen is a polarizer (a so-called analyzer) oriented in the y direction. Therefore, no light from the source will be accepted by the analyzer, and the field will appear dark.

  6. Human skin color - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_skin_color

    This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 28 January 2025. "Skin pigmentation" redirects here. For animal skin pigmentation, see Biological pigment. Extended Coloured family from South Africa showing some spectrum of human skin coloration Human skin color ranges from the darkest brown to the lightest hues. Differences in skin color among ...

  7. Fresnel equations - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fresnel_equations

    Likewise, unpolarized (or "randomly polarized") light has an equal amount of power in each of two linear polarizations. The s polarization refers to polarization of a wave's electric field normal to the plane of incidence (the z direction in the derivation below); then the magnetic field is in the plane of incidence.

  8. Blind spot (vision) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blind_spot_(vision)

    Distribution of rods and cones along a line passing through the fovea and the blind spot of a human eye [1]. A blind spot, scotoma, is an obscuration of the visual field.A particular blind spot known as the physiological blind spot, "blind point", or punctum caecum in medical literature, is the place in the visual field that corresponds to the lack of light-detecting photoreceptor cells on the ...

  9. Brewster's angle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brewster's_angle

    An illustration of the polarization of light that is incident on an interface at Brewster's angle. Brewster's angle (also known as the polarization angle) is an angle of incidence at which light with a particular polarization is perfectly transmitted through a transparent dielectric surface, with no reflection.