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XPath (XML Path Language) is an expression language designed to support the query or transformation of XML documents. It was defined by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) in 1999, [1] and can be used to compute values (e.g., strings, numbers, or Boolean values) from the content of an XML document.
As a slicer, VTD-XML can "slice" off a token or an element fragment from an XML document, then insert it back into another location in the same document, or into a different document. As a splitter, VTD-XML can split sub-elements in an XML document and dump each into a separate XML document.
Nodes are of seven kinds, corresponding to different constructs in the syntax of XML: elements, attributes, text nodes, comments, processing instructions, namespace nodes, and document nodes. (The document node replaces the root node of XPath 1.0, because the XPath 2.0 model allows trees to be rooted at other kinds of node, notably elements.)
Originally, it was based on the XPath 1.0 data model which in turn is based on the XML Information Set. The XDM consists of flat sequences of zero or more items which can be typed or untyped, and are either atomic values or XML nodes (of seven kinds: document, element, attribute, text, namespace, processing instruction, and comment).
Compared to XPath 2.0, XPath 3.0 adds the following new features: . Inline function expressions Anonymous functions can be created in an expression context. For example, the expression function ($ a as xs:double, $ b as xs:double) as xs:double {$ a * $ b} creates a function that returns the product of its two arguments.
XSLT 3.0 will work with either XPath 3.0 or 3.1. In the case of 1.0 and 2.0, the XSLT and XPath specifications were published on the same date. With 3.0, however, they were no longer synchronized; XPath 3.0 became a Recommendation in April 2014, followed by XPath 3.1 in February 2017; XSLT 3.0 followed in June 2017.
A processing instruction (PI) is an SGML and XML node type, which may occur anywhere in a document, intended to carry instructions to the application. [1] [2]Processing instructions are exposed in the Document Object Model as Node.PROCESSING_INSTRUCTION_NODE, and they can be used in XPath and XQuery with the 'processing-instruction()' command.
All elements in an XML document can contain sub elements, text and attributes. The tree represented by an XML document starts at the root element and branches to the lowest level of elements. Although there is no consensus on the terminology used on XML Trees, at least two standard terminologies have been released by the W3C :