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Gadoteric acid, sold under the brand name Dotarem among others, is a macrocycle-structured gadolinium-based MRI contrast agent (GBCA). It consists of the organic acid DOTA as a chelating agent , and gadolinium (Gd 3+ ), and is used in form of the meglumine salt (gadoterate meglumine).
DOTA is derived from the macrocycle known as cyclen.The four secondary amine groups are modified by replacement of the N-H centers with N-CH 2 CO 2 H groups. The resulting aminopolycarboxylic acid, upon ionization of the carboxylic acid groups, is a high affinity chelating agent for di- and trivalent cations.
Gadoxetic acid is a gadolinium-based MRI contrast agent. [4] Its salt, gadoxetate disodium , is marketed as Primovist in Europe and Eovist in the United States by Bayer HealthCare Pharmaceuticals .
Aristolochic acid (contained in herbs in the genus Aristolochia e.g. Aristolochia serpentaria (Virginia snakeroot), Aristolochia reticulata (Texas snakeroot) and in Chinese herbs such as Aristolochia fangchi and Aristolochia manshuriensis [7] (banned in China and withdrawn from Chinese Pharmacopoea 2005; Stephania tetrandra and Magnolia ...
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Cinnamic acid and its derivatives, such as ferulic acid - found in seeds of plants such as in brown rice, whole wheat and oats, as well as in coffee, apple, artichoke, peanut, orange and pineapple. Ellagic acid - found in high concentration in raspberry and strawberry, and in ester form in barrel-aged alcohol such as red wine and whisky.
Harmine is a beta-carboline and a harmala alkaloid.It occurs in a number of different plants, most notably the Syrian rue and Banisteriopsis caapi. [3] Harmine reversibly inhibits monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A), an enzyme which breaks down monoamines, making it a Reversible inhibitor of monoamine oxidase A (RIMA).
Rutin is a citrus flavonoid glycoside found in many plants, including buckwheat, [7] the leaves and petioles of Rheum species, and asparagus. Tartary buckwheat seeds have been found to contain more rutin (about 0.8–1.7% dry weight) than common buckwheat seeds (0.01% dry weight). [7]