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The ICMP header starts after the IPv4 header and is identified by its protocol number, 1. [6] All ICMP packets have an eight-byte header and variable-sized data section. The first four bytes of the header have fixed format, while the last four bytes depend on the type and code of the ICMP packet.
IGMP operates on the network layer (layer 3), just the same as other network management protocols like ICMP. [1] The IGMP protocol is implemented on hosts and within routers. A host requests membership to a group through its local router while a router listens for these requests and periodically sends out subscription queries.
ICMPv6 provides a minimal level of message integrity verification by the inclusion of a 16-bit checksum in its header. The checksum is calculated starting with a pseudo-header of IPv6 header fields according to the IPv6 standard, [5] which consists of the source and destination addresses, the packet length and the next header field, the latter of which is set to the value 58.
ICMP Internet Control Message Protocol: RFC 792: 0x02 2 IGMP Internet Group Management Protocol: RFC 1112: 0x03 3 GGP Gateway-to-Gateway Protocol: RFC 823: 0x04 4 IP-in-IP IP in IP (encapsulation) RFC 2003: 0x05 5 ST Internet Stream Protocol: RFC 1190, RFC 1819: 0x06 6 TCP Transmission Control Protocol: RFC 793: 0x07 7 CBT Core-based trees: RFC ...
The Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) is a network management protocol used on Internet Protocol (IP) networks for automatically assigning IP addresses and other communication parameters to devices connected to the network using a client–server architecture.
MTR is an enhanced version of ICMP traceroute available for Unix-like and Windows systems. The various implementations of traceroute all rely on ICMP Time Exceeded (type 11) packets being sent to the source. On Linux, tracepath is a utility similar to traceroute, with the primary difference of not requiring superuser privileges. [12]
An example of the effect of IGMP snooping on the traffic in a LAN. IGMP snooping is the process of listening to Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP) network traffic to control delivery of IP multicasts.
A stateful firewall keeps track of the state of network connections, such as TCP streams, UDP datagrams, and ICMP messages, and can apply labels such as LISTEN, ESTABLISHED, or CLOSING. [2] State table entries are created for TCP streams or UDP datagrams that are allowed to communicate through the firewall in accordance with the configured ...