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Animation of XMM-Newton 's trajectory around Earth. XMM-Newton, also known as the High Throughput X-ray Spectroscopy Mission and the X-ray Multi-Mirror Mission, is an X-ray space observatory launched by the European Space Agency in December 1999 on an Ariane 5 rocket. It is the second cornerstone mission of ESA's Horizon 2000 programme.
2XMM J083026+524133 (2XMM J0830) is a very large galaxy cluster that lies 7.7 billion light-years away. It was discovered by chance by ESA's XMM Newton and the Large Binocular Telescope (LBT) in Arizona in 2008 while it was looking at the quasar APM 08279+5255.
The XMM Cluster Survey (XCS) is a serendipitous X-ray galaxy cluster survey being conducted using archival data taken by ESA’s XMM-Newton satellite. Galaxy clusters trace the large scale structure of the universe, and their number density evolution with redshift provides a way to measure cosmological parameters, independent of cosmic microwave background experiments or supernovae cosmology ...
GRB 221009A was subsequently observed by the Neutron Star Interior Composition Explorer (NICER), [14] the Monitor of All-sky X-ray Image (MAXI), the Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer (IXPE), [30] [31] [8] the International Gamma-ray Astrophysics Laboratory (INTEGRAL), the XMM-Newton space telescope, [32] the Large High Altitude Air Shower ...
The effective area of an antenna or aperture is based upon a receiving antenna. However, due to reciprocity, an antenna's directivity in receiving and transmitting are identical, so the power transmitted by an antenna in different directions (the radiation pattern) is also proportional to the effective area .
Since the angular velocity ω = v/r is constant, the area swept out in a time Δt equals ω r 2 Δt; hence, equal areas are swept out in equal times Δt. In uniform linear motion (i.e., motion in the absence of a force, by Newton's first law of motion), the particle moves with constant velocity, that is, with constant speed v along a line.
Higher-order terms can be added to increase accuracy, but for strong fields sometimes it is preferable to solve the complete equations numerically. This method is a common mark of effective field theories. In the limit, when the small parameters are equal to 0, the post-Newtonian expansion reduces to Newton's law of gravity.
Magnitude Value Item 1 N 1.4 N The weight of a smartphone [13] [14]: 2.5 N Typical thrust of a Dual-Stage 4-Grid ion thruster.: 9.8 N One kilogram-force, nominal weight of a 1 kg (2.2 lb) object at sea level on Earth [15]