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Chlorine gas poisoning is an illness resulting from the effects of exposure to chlorine beyond the threshold limit value. Acute chlorine gas poisoning primarily affects the respiratory system , causing difficulty breathing, cough, irritation of the eyes, nose, and throat, and sometimes skin irritation .
Severe exposure may result in changes in upper and lower airways resulting in an acute lung injury, which may not be present until several hours after exposure. A recent chlorine gas leak in Pune, India, landed 20 individuals in the hospital. [9] Though that was an accidental exposure, chlorine gas has been used as a weapon of warfare since ...
Microscopic section of human lung from phosgene shell poisoning from An Atlas of Gas Poisoning, 1918. The deficiencies of chlorine were overcome with the introduction of phosgene, which was prepared by a group of French chemists led by Victor Grignard and first used by France in 1915. [32]
The term immediately dangerous to life or health (IDLH) is defined by the US National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) as exposure to airborne contaminants that is "likely to cause death or immediate or delayed permanent adverse health effects or prevent escape from such an environment." Examples include smoke or other ...
Exposure to high level of nitrogen dioxide may lead to inflammation of the mucous membrane and the lower and upper respiratory tracts. [11] The symptoms of acute nitrogen dioxide poisoning is non-specific and have a semblance with ammonia gas poisoning, chlorine gas poisoning, and carbon monoxide poisoning.
Irritants capable of causing chemical pneumonitis include vomitus, [2] barium used in gastro-intestinal imaging, chlorine gas (among other pulmonary agents), [2] ingested gasoline [2] or other petroleum distillates, ingested or skin absorbed pesticides, [2] gases from electroplating, [2] smoke [2] and others.
Chloracne is an acneiform eruption of blackheads, cysts, and pustules associated with exposure to certain halogenated aromatic compounds, such as chlorinated dioxins and dibenzofurans. [1] The lesions are most frequently found on the cheeks, behind the ears, in the armpits and groin region.
The earliest method of synthesis was to treat mercury(II) oxide with chlorine gas. [3] However, this method is expensive, as well as highly dangerous due to the risk of mercury poisoning. 2 Cl 2 + HgO → HgCl 2 + Cl 2 O. A safer and more convenient method of production is the reaction of chlorine gas with hydrated sodium carbonate at 20–30 ...