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Neon is a colorless, odorless, inert monatomic gas under standard conditions, with approximately two-thirds the density of air. Neon was discovered in 1898 alongside krypton and xenon, identified as one of the three remaining rare inert elements in dry air after the removal of nitrogen, oxygen, argon, and carbon dioxide.
Neon's polarisability of 0.395 Å 3 is the second lowest of any element (only helium's is more extreme). Low polarisability means there will be little tendency to link to other atoms. [1] Neon has a Lewis basicity or proton affinity of 2.06 eV. [2] Neon is theoretically less reactive than helium, making it the least reactive of all the elements ...
For instance, argon, krypton, and xenon form clathrates with hydroquinone, but helium and neon do not because they are too small or insufficiently polarizable to be retained. [61] Neon, argon, krypton, and xenon also form clathrate hydrates, where the noble gas is trapped in ice. [62] An endohedral fullerene compound containing a noble gas atom
From the standpoint of chemistry, the noble gases may be divided into two groups: [citation needed] the relatively reactive krypton (ionisation energy 14.0 eV), xenon (12.1 eV), and radon (10.7 eV) on one side, and the very unreactive argon (15.8 eV), neon (21.6 eV), and helium (24.6 eV) on the other.
It also has the most number of nonmetals, namely five, among all periods. The elements in period 2 often have the most extreme properties in their respective groups; for example, fluorine is the most reactive halogen, neon is the most inert noble gas, [4] and lithium is the least reactive alkali metal. [5]
Neon has a very high ionisation energy (2080.7 kJ/mol), low electron affinity (estimated at −120 kJ/mol), and very high electronegativity (4.787 χSpec). It is the least reactive of the noble gases; no normal compounds of neon have so far been synthesised. A small piece of rapidly melting solid argon
These are helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon, and radon. Noble gases have a full outer valence shell making them rather non-reactive species. [2] While these elements have been described historically as completely inert, chemical compounds have been synthesized with all but neon and helium. [3]
Reactive gases can also be used to sputter compounds. The compound can be formed on the target surface, in-flight or on the substrate depending on the process parameters. The availability of many parameters that control sputter deposition make it a complex process, but also allow experts a large degree of control over the growth and ...