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High-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (HGPIN) is an abnormality of prostatic glands and believed to precede the development of prostate adenocarcinoma (the most common form of prostate cancer). [1] [2] It may be referred to simply as prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN).
However, high magnification (right image) shows the key feature of prominent nucleoli (visible at 200x magnification to make the diagnosis of "high-grade"), as well as other typical features of HGPIN. Reference for features: - Margaret Sanders, M.B.B.Ch., Murali Varma, M.B.B.S.. High grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (HGPIN).
The term overweight rather than obese is often used when discussing childhood obesity, as it is less stigmatizing, although the term overweight can also refer to a different BMI category. [2] The prevalence of childhood obesity is known to differ by sex and gender. [3]
Body roundness index (BRI) is a calculated geometric index used to quantify an aspect of a person's individual body shape.Based on the principle of body eccentricity, it provides a rapid visual and anthropometric tool for health evaluation.
Prostate cancer is the uncontrolled growth of cells in the prostate, a gland in the male reproductive system below the bladder.Abnormal growth of the prostate tissue is usually detected through screening tests, typically blood tests that check for prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels.
Obesity in Canada varies by ethnicity; people of Aboriginal origin have a significantly higher rate of obesity (37.6%) than the national average. [36] In children obesity has substantially increased between 1989 and 2004 with rates in boys increasing from 2% to 10% and rates among girls increasing from 2% to 9%. [37]
The journal addresses the development and treatment of obesity, and the functional impairments associated with the obese state. It publishes basic science and clinical studies that address the biochemical, epidemiological, genetical, molecular, metabolic, nutritional, physiological, psychological and sociological aspects of obesity. [1]
Signs and symptoms vary based on the location of the tumor and as this is a pre-cancerous stage, many patients are asymptomatic. Symptoms associated with all types of GI cancers include weight loss, abdominal pain, and anemia. Specific symptoms include: Esophageal lesion: trouble swallowing (dysphagia) painful swallowing (odynophagia)