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Esophagitis can be asymptomatic; or can cause epigastric and/or substernal burning pain, especially when lying down or straining; and can make swallowing difficult . The most common cause of esophagitis is the reverse flow of acid from the stomach into the lower esophagus: gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). [2]
The term indigestion includes heartburn along with a number of other symptoms. [8] Indigestion is sometimes defined as a combination of epigastric pain and heartburn. [ 9 ] Heartburn is commonly used interchangeably with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) rather than just to describe a symptom of burning in one's chest.
Odynophagia is pain when swallowing. [1] [2] The pain may be felt in the mouth or throat and can occur with or without difficulty swallowing. [3] The pain may be described as an ache, burning sensation, or occasionally a stabbing pain that radiates to the back. [4] Odynophagia often results in inadvertent weight loss.
The most common symptoms of GERD in adults are an acidic taste in the mouth, regurgitation, and heartburn. [16] Less common symptoms include pain with swallowing/sore throat, increased salivation (also known as water brash), nausea, [17] chest pain, coughing, and globus sensation. [18]
When a person is recumbent, or is lying down, blood is redistributed from the lower extremities and abdominal cavity (splanchnic circulation) to the lungs. [5] Failure to accommodate this redistribution results in decreased vital capacity and pulmonary compliance , further causing the shortness of breath experienced in PND.
Eagle syndrome (also termed stylohyoid syndrome, [1] styloid syndrome, [2] stylalgia, [3] styloid-stylohyoid syndrome, [2] or styloid–carotid artery syndrome) [4] is an uncommon condition commonly characterized but not limited to sudden, sharp nerve-like pain in the jaw bone and joint, back of the throat, and base of the tongue, triggered by swallowing, moving the jaw, or turning the neck. [1]
Another subclassification is nasopharyngitis (the common cold). [16] Clergyman's sore throat or clergyman's throat is an archaic term formerly used for chronic pharyngitis associated with overuse of the voice as in public speaking. It was sometimes called dysphonia clericorum or chronic folliculitis sore throat. [17]
Dysphagia is distinguished from other symptoms including odynophagia, which is defined as painful swallowing, [8] and globus, which is the sensation of a lump in the throat. A person can have dysphagia without odynophagia (dysfunction without pain), odynophagia without dysphagia (pain without dysfunction) or both together.