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  2. Vasodilation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasodilation

    Vasodilation plays a major role in immune system function. Wider blood vessels allow more blood containing immune cells and proteins to reach the infection site. Vasodilation occurs as part of the process of inflammation, which is caused by several factors including presence of a pathogen, injury to tissues or blood vessels, and immune ...

  3. Arteriolosclerosis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arteriolosclerosis

    "Onion-skin" renal arteriole. This is a type of arteriolosclerosis involving a narrowed lumen. [4] The term "onion-skin" is sometimes used to describe this form of blood vessel [14] with thickened concentric smooth muscle cell layer and thickened, duplicated basement membrane.

  4. Coronary ischemia - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coronary_ischemia

    If blood flow through the coronary arteries is stopped completely, cardiac muscle cells may die, known as a myocardial infarction, or heart attack. [9] Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the most common cause of coronary ischemia. [7] Coronary ischemia and coronary artery disease are contributors to the development of heart failure over time. [10]

  5. Flow-mediated dilation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flow-mediated_dilation

    Flow-mediated dilation (FMD) refers to dilation (widening) of an artery when blood flow increases in that artery. [1] [2] The primary cause of FMD is release of nitric oxide by endothelial cells. [1] To determine FMD, brachial artery dilation following a transient period of forearm ischemia is measured using ultrasound. [3]

  6. Myogenic mechanism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myogenic_mechanism

    [3] [4] The Bayliss effect in vascular smooth muscles cells is a response to stretch. This is especially relevant in arterioles of the body. When blood pressure is increased in the blood vessels and the blood vessels distend, they react with a constriction; this is the Bayliss effect. Stretch of the muscle membrane opens a stretch-activated ion ...

  7. Arteriole - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arteriole

    An arteriole is a small-diameter blood vessel in the microcirculation that extends and branches out from an artery and leads to capillaries. [1] Arterioles have muscular walls (usually only one to two layers of smooth muscle cells) and are the primary site of vascular resistance. The greatest change in blood pressure and velocity of blood flow ...

  8. Blood vessel disorder - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood_vessel_disorder

    Atherosclerosis is a developmental disease in the large arteries, defined by the accumulation of lipids, macrophages and fibrous materials in the intima. [1] When the endothelial cell of blood vessel is damaged, it loses the ability to regulate itself. [1] It results in inflammation as the macrophages irrupt the vessel wall. [1]

  9. Hyperaemia - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperaemia

    Functional hyperaemia is an increase in blood flow to a tissue due to the presence of metabolites and a change in general conditions. When a tissue increases its activity, there is a well-characterized fall in the partial pressure of oxygen and pH, along with an increase in partial pressure of carbon dioxide, and a rise in temperature and the concentration of potassium ions.