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Viking 1 was the first of two spacecraft, along with Viking 2, each consisting of an orbiter and a lander, sent to Mars as part of NASA's Viking program. [2] The lander touched down on Mars on July 20, 1976, the first successful Mars lander in history.
The following table is a list of successful and unsuccessful Mars landers. As of 2022, 21 lander missions and 8 sub-landers (Rovers and Penetrators) attempted to land on Mars. As of 2022, 21 lander missions and 8 sub-landers (Rovers and Penetrators) attempted to land on Mars.
Lost with Mars 2: First rover launched to Mars. Lost when the Mars 2 lander crashed into the surface of Mars. 16 Mars 3: Mars 3 (4M No.172) 28 May 1971 Soviet Union: Orbiter Successful On December 2 it became in short sequence the third spacecraft to orbit another planet. [5] Operated for 20 orbits [8] [9] Proton-K/D: Mars 3 lander (SA 4M No ...
In 1971 the Soviet Union sent probes Mars 2 and Mars 3, each carrying a lander, as part of the Mars probe program M-71. The Mars 2 lander failed to land and impacted Mars. The Mars 3 lander became the first probe to successfully soft-land on Mars, but its data-gathering had less success. The lander began transmitting to the Mars 3 orbiter 90 ...
Mars orbiter: In orbit: Successful Viking 1 Lander NASA Areocentric Mars lander: 20 July 1976 11:53:06: Successful Lander landed in Chryse Planitia, becoming the first US spacecraft to land on Mars. It operated until 11 November 1982 when communications were lost due to an erroneous command being sent to the spacecraft.
First successful photos from the surface of another planet (Venus). USSR Venera 9: 20 July 1976: First successful photos and soil samples from the surface of Mars. USA (NASA) Viking Lander: 26 January 1978: First real time remotely operated ultraviolet orbital observatory. USA (NASA) ESA UK International Ultraviolet Explorer: 20 November 1978
First successful planetary flyby mission . Mariner 2: 1963 June 16 USSR First woman in space (Valentina Tereshkova) First civilian in space Vostok 6: 1963 June 19 USSR First Mars flyby, although contact was lost Mars 1: 1963 July 19 USA First reusable piloted spacecraft First spaceplane (suborbital) X-15 Flight 90: 1963 July 26 USA
Mars 1962A was a Mars flyby mission, launched on October 24, 1962, and Mars 1962B an intended first Mars lander mission, launched in late December of the same year (1962). Both failed from either breaking up as they were going into Earth orbit or having the upper stage explode in orbit during the burn to put the spacecraft into trans-Mars ...