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Gene targeting has been successfully applied to cattle, sheep, swine and many fungi. The frequency of gene targeting can be significantly enhanced through the use of site-specific endonucleases such as zinc finger nucleases , [ 5 ] engineered homing endonucleases , [ 6 ] TALENS , or most commonly the CRISPR -Cas system.
The size of the bovine genome is 2.7 Gb (2.7 billion base pairs). [4] It contains approximately 35,092 [4] genes of which 14,000 are common to all mammalian species. Bovines share 80 percent of their genes with humans; cows are less similar to humans than rodents (humans and rodents belong to the clade of Supraprimates) and dogs (humans and dogs belong to the clade of Boreoeutheria).
Christine F. Baes was born in Southwestern Ontario. [3] Having grown up around cows on a dairy farm, [4] she completed her Bachelors degree at the University of Guelph, she then finished her Masters of Science degree in Animal Welfare at the University Hohenheim.
Genomics is an interdisciplinary field of molecular biology focusing on the structure, function, evolution, mapping, and editing of genomes.A genome is an organism's complete set of DNA, including all of its genes as well as its hierarchical, three-dimensional structural configuration.
Computational genomics refers to the use of computational and statistical analysis to decipher biology from genome sequences and related data, [1] including both DNA and RNA sequence as well as other "post-genomic" data (i.e., experimental data obtained with technologies that require the genome sequence, such as genomic DNA microarrays).
Molecular breeding is the application of molecular biology tools, often in plant breeding [1] [2] and animal breeding. [3] [4] In the broad sense, molecular breeding can be defined as the use of genetic manipulation performed at the level of DNA to improve traits of interest in plants and animals, and it may also include genetic engineering or gene manipulation, molecular marker-assisted ...
Structural genomics seeks to describe the 3-dimensional structure of every protein encoded by a given genome. This genome-based approach allows for a high-throughput method of structure determination by a combination of experimental and modeling approaches .
Comparative genomics also opens up new avenues in other areas of research. As DNA sequencing technology has become more accessible, the number of sequenced genomes has grown. With the increasing reservoir of available genomic data, the potency of comparative genomic inference has grown as well.