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Gibbard's 1978 theorem states that a nondeterministic voting method is only strategyproof if it's a mixture of unilateral and duple rules. For instance, the rule that flips a coin and chooses a random dictator if the coin lands on heads, or chooses the pairwise winner between two random candidates if the coin lands on tails, is strategyproof.
Gibbard's proof of the theorem is more general and covers processes of collective decision that may not be ordinal, such as cardinal voting. [note 1] Gibbard's 1978 theorem and Hylland's theorem are even more general and extend these results to non-deterministic processes, where the outcome may depend partly on chance; the Duggan–Schwartz ...
Gibbard's theorem provides limitations on the ability of any voting rule to elicit honest preferences from voters, showing that no voting rule is strategyproof (i.e. does not depend on other voters' preferences) for elections with 3 or more outcomes.
Strategic or tactical voting is voting in consideration of possible ballots cast by other voters in order to maximize one's satisfaction with the election's results. [ 1 ] Gibbard's theorem shows that no voting system has a single "always-best" strategy, i.e. one that always maximizes a voter's satisfaction with the result, regardless of other ...
Arrow's theorem does not cover rated voting rules, and thus cannot be used to inform their susceptibility to the spoiler effect. However, Gibbard's theorem shows these methods' susceptibility to strategic voting, and generalizations of Arrow's theorem describe cases where rated methods are susceptible to the spoiler effect.
Ranked-choice voting or RCV is a system that only some states and counties use, but there's a growing push to implement it in wider U.S. elections.
A majority voting in each issue separately would lead to the outcome (1,1,1), which is worst for all voters. [18] In sequential voting, [19] [20] the issues are decided in order, so that each agent can vote on an issue based on the outcomes in previously-decided issues. This method is useful when there is a natural order of dependence on the ...
Live election results and related data for Senate, House and governor’s races. Senate Outlook 2014 Forecasts for 2014’s Senate races, based on HuffPost Pollster’s poll-tracking model.