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Once Congress passed the Safety Appliance Act in 1893, mandating conversion from the link and pin coupler to the Janney coupler, railroads in the United States had only a few years to implement the change. The railroads in North America, except for mass transit, form one unitary system, and uniformity of couplers is important for smooth ...
The SA3 coupler is one of the strongest couplers in the world – maximum tonnage of a train that uses this type of coupler is about 8000 t [31] – but provides only mechanical coupling. [24] Adding automatic electrical and pneumatic connectivity is a complex challenge.
The diagram from Beard's 1897 coupler patent [7]. Janney couplers were first patented in 1873 by Eli H. Janney (U.S. patent 138,405). [8] [9] Andrew Jackson Beard was amongst various inventors that made a multitude of improvements to the knuckle coupler; [7] Beard's patents were U.S. patent 594,059 granted 23 November 1897, which then sold for approximately $50,000, and U.S. patent 624,901 ...
Buffers and chain couplers (or couplings) – also known as "buffers and screw", "screw", and "screwlink" – are the de facto International Union of Railways (UIC) standard railway coupling used in the EU and UK, and on some railways in other parts of the world, such as in South America and India, on older rolling stock.
The coupler was developed in 1932 and named SA3 (abbreviation of Russian Советская автосцепка, 3-й вариант, Soviet Automatic-Coupler 3rd Variant) and was an improved version of the Willison coupler, with better design of lock parts and mechanics. Conversion of rolling stock began in 1935.
Diagram of the top view of Janney's coupler design as published in his patent application in 1873. Eli Hamilton Janney (November 12, 1831 – June 16, 1912) was the inventor of the modern knuckle coupler that replaced link and pin couplers on North American railroads.
Norwegian couplers on 1,067 mm (3 ft 6 in) gauge historic stock of The Dutch East Indies National Railway Company and the majority of the Dutch East Indies Private Railway and Tramway Companies; AAR couplers and Shibata couplers on modern stock; Scharfenberg couplers for the Jakarta - Bandung high speed rail and Soekarno Hatta Airport skytrain.
Inter-stock coupling was with the automatic coupler (with the buffers retracted), while connection to the locomotive was with the buffer-and-chain system with a screw coupler. Today this dual coupling system has been adopted for all loco-hauled passenger trains in Great Britain to allow faster shunting operations.