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Preparative chromatography – the use of chromatography to purify sufficient quantities of a substance for further use, rather than analysis. Retention time – the characteristic time it takes for a particular analyte to pass through the system (from the column inlet to the detector) under set conditions.
Gas chromatography (GC) is a common type of chromatography used in analytical chemistry for separating and analyzing compounds that can be vaporized without decomposition. Typical uses of GC include testing the purity of a particular substance, or separating the different components of a mixture. [ 1 ]
Ion exchange chromatography is a very powerful tool for use in protein purification and is frequently used in both analytical and preparative separations. It is especially useful when purifying nucleic-acid binding proteins, where separation of the protein from the bound nucleic acid is required to obtain a pure sample devoid of nucleic acids ...
The use of displacement chromatography is rather limited, and is mostly used for preparative chromatography. The basic principle is based on a molecule with a high affinity for the chromatography matrix (the displacer) which is used to compete effectively for binding sites, and thus displace all molecules with lesser affinities. [ 28 ]
Analytical chemistry consists of classical, wet chemical methods and modern analytical techniques. [2] [3] Classical qualitative methods use separations such as precipitation, extraction, and distillation. Identification may be based on differences in color, odor, melting point, boiling point, solubility, radioactivity or reactivity.
Fast protein liquid chromatography (FPLC) is a form of liquid chromatography that is often used to analyze or purify mixtures of proteins. As in other forms of chromatography, separation is possible because the different components of a mixture have different affinities for two materials, a moving fluid (the mobile phase) and a porous solid (the stationary phase).
Ion chromatography (or ion-exchange chromatography) is a form of chromatography that separates ions and ionizable polar molecules based on their affinity to the ion exchanger. [1] It works on almost any kind of charged molecule —including small inorganic anions, [ 2 ] large proteins , [ 3 ] small nucleotides , [ 4 ] and amino acids .
Chiral chromatography has advanced to turn into the most preferred technique for the determination of enantiomeric purity as well as separation of pure enantiomers both on analytical and preparative scale. Chiral chromatographic assay is the first step in any study pertaining to enantioselective synthesis or separation.