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Saturn's consort was his sister Ops, with whom he fathered Jupiter, Neptune, Pluto, Juno, Ceres and Vesta. Saturn was especially celebrated during the festival of Saturnalia each December, perhaps the most famous of the Roman festivals , a time of feasting, role reversals, free speech, gift-giving and revelry.
According to Festus (203:19), "Ops is said to be the wife of Saturn and the daughter of Caelus. By her they designated the earth , because the earth distributes all goods to the human genus " ( Opis dicta est coniux Saturni per quam uolerunt terram significare, quia omnes opes humano generi terra tribuit ).
In Hinduism, Manda (Sanskrit: मान्दा, Māndā) or Dhamini (Sanskrit: धामिनी, Dhāminī) is the second consort of Shani and mother of Gulikan. She is a gandharva princess and the most famous chief consort of Shani. Manda is mentioned as the divine regent of Saturn in India. [1]
The Saturnalia reflects the contradictory nature of the deity Saturn himself: "There are joyful and utopian aspects of careless well-being side by side with disquieting elements of threat and danger." [69] As a deity of agricultural bounty, Saturn embodied prosperity and wealth in general. The name of his consort Ops meant
In Roman mythology, Lua was a goddess to whom soldiers sacrificed captured weapons of enemy combatants. [1] [2] She is sometimes referred to as "Lua Mater" or "Lua Saturni", the latter of which makes her a consort of Saturn. [1]
Consus is therefore thought to be an alternate name of Saturn in the chthonic aspect as consort. The festival of Consus, the Consualia , was celebrated twice a year, each time preceding that of Ops: once on August 21, after the harvest, and once on December 15, after the sowing of crops was finished.
Shani (Sanskrit: शनि, IAST: Śani), or Shanaishchara (Sanskrit: शनैश्चर, IAST: Śanaiścara), is the divine personification of the planet Saturn in Hinduism, [4] and is one of the nine heavenly objects in Hindu astrology. [5]
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