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Evidence shows that education and intelligence have a complex interaction, and this is demonstrated in a longitudinal study by Richards and Sacker. [9] They collected data from the British 1946 birth cohort and investigated how childhood intelligence was predictive of other outcomes later in life including educational attainment and mental ability at 53 years old (using the National Adult ...
Composition of IQ Gains. The Flynn effect is the substantial and long-sustained increase in both fluid and crystallized intelligence test scores that were measured in many parts of the world over the 20th century, named after researcher James Flynn (1934–2020).
[2] Rosenthal countered that "even if the initial test results were faulty, that didn’t invalidate the subsequent increase, as measured by the same test," [3] although with initial IQ scores in the mentally disabled range the observed change at the conclusion of the study is more likely to reflect regression-to-the-mean effects than the ...
IQ and educational attainment are strongly correlated (estimates range form .40 to over .60. [11]) There is controversy, however, as to whether education affects intelligence – it may be both a dependent and independent variable with regard to IQ. [4] A study by Ceci illustrates the numerous ways in which education can affect intelligence.
For example, statistics from 1993 indicate that in the U.S., Black students represented 16.2% of public school students, but only constituted 8.4% of students enrolled in gifted education programs. Similarly, while Hispanic students represented 9% of public school students, these students only represented 4.7% of those identified as gifted. [ 55 ]
"How Much Can We Boost IQ and Achievement?" is a 1969 article by Arthur Jensen published in the Harvard Educational Review. [1] Controversy over the article led to the coining of the term Jensenism , [ 2 ] defined as the theory that IQ is largely determined by genes, including racial heritage. [ 3 ]
An intelligence quotient (IQ) is a total score derived from a set of standardized tests or subtests designed to assess human intelligence. [1] Originally, IQ was a score obtained by dividing a person's mental age score, obtained by administering an intelligence test, by the person's chronological age, both expressed in terms of years and months.
[13] [14] In healthy adults, the correlation of total brain volume and IQ is approximately 0.4 when high-quality tests are used. [15] A large scale study (n = 29k) using the UK Biobank found a correlation of .275. The strength of this relationship did not depend on sex, contradicting some earlier studies. [16]