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Greek numerals, also known as Ionic, Ionian, Milesian, or Alexandrian numerals, is a system of writing numbers using the letters of the Greek alphabet. In modern Greece , they are still used for ordinal numbers and in contexts similar to those in which Roman numerals are still used in the Western world .
Number systems have progressed from the use of fingers and tally marks, perhaps more than 40,000 years ago, to the use of sets of glyphs able to represent any conceivable number efficiently. The earliest known unambiguous notations for numbers emerged in Mesopotamia about 5000 or 6000 years ago.
The use of Roman numerals continued long after the decline of the Roman Empire. From the 14th century on, Roman numerals began to be replaced by Arabic numerals; however, this process was gradual, and the use of Roman numerals persisted in various places, including on clock faces.
The ancient Greeks employed Attic numeration, [22] which was based on the system of the Egyptians and was later adapted and used by the Romans. Greek numerals one through four were written as vertical lines, as in the hieroglyphics. The symbol for five was the Greek letter Π (pi), representing the Greek word for 'five' (pente). Numbers six ...
Alphabetic numeral systems originated with Greek numerals around 600 BC and became largely extinct by the 16th century. [1] After the development of positional numeral systems like Hindu–Arabic numerals, the use of alphabetic numeral systems dwindled to predominantly ordered lists, pagination, religious functions, and divinatory magic. [1]
Ancient Greek text did not mark word division with spaces or interpuncts, instead running the words together (scripta continua). In the Hellenistic period, a variety of symbols arose for punctuation or editorial marking ; such punctuation (or the lack thereof) are variously romanized, inserted, or ignored in different modern editions.
The Greek numerals are used in modern Greek texts approximately to the same extent and in the same context as Roman numerals are used in texts written with the Latin alphabet. For example, they are used exclusively for royalties, for chapters in books, etc. The use of Lower-case letters, however, is very rare. Roman numerals are rarely used.
Anderson, Deborah (2001-11-05), Greek Acrophonic Numerals Proposal and Proposals for Other Greek Additional Characters L2/01-405R Moore, Lisa (2001-12-12), "Consensus 89-C9", Minutes from the UTC/L2 meeting in Mountain View, November 6-9, 2001 , The UTC favors the addition of the remaining Greek acrophonic numerals rather than cloning the ...