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The axilla (pl.: axillae or axillas; also known as the armpit, underarm or oxter) is the area on the human body directly under the shoulder joint.It includes the axillary space, an anatomical space within the shoulder girdle between the arm and the thoracic cage, bounded superiorly by the imaginary plane between the superior borders of the first rib, clavicle and scapula (above which are ...
Apical group: Lying at the apex of the axilla at the lateral border of the 1st rib, these nodes receive the efferent lymph vessels from all the other axillary nodes. The apical nodes drain into the subclavian lymph trunk. On the left side, this trunk drains into the thoracic duct; on the right side, it drains into the right lymphatic duct ...
The cranial region includes the upper part of the head while the; facial region includes the lower half of the head beginning below the ears. The forehead is referred to as the frontal region. The eyes are referred to as the orbital or ocular region. The cheeks are referred to as the buccal region. The ears are referred to as the auricle or ...
Axillary lines. Vertical lines: Midline, lateral sternal line, parasternal line and midclavicular line. Horizontal lines: Level of the sternal angle, and zipho-sternal line. Anatomical "lines", or "reference lines," are theoretical lines drawn through anatomical structures and are used to describe anatomical location.
The axillary lines are the anterior axillary line, midaxillary line and the posterior axillary line. The anterior axillary line [1] is a coronal line on the anterior torso marked by the anterior axillary fold. It's the imaginary line that runs down from the point midway between the middle of the clavicle and the lateral end of the clavicle.
The axillary artery is accompanied by the axillary vein, [2] which lies medial to the artery, along its length. In the axilla, the axillary artery is surrounded by the brachial plexus. [2] The second part of the axillary artery is the reference for the locational descriptions of the cords in the brachial plexus.
The true axilla is a conical space with its apex at the Cervico-axillary Canal, Base at the axillary fascia and skin of the armpit. When viewed in an axillary plane (axillary cut), it is more triangle with: Medial Wall: Serratus Anterior, Anterior Wall: pectoral muscles, Posterior Wall: subscapularis muscle, where the "apex" of the triangle is the humerus [4] [5]
An anterior or pectoral group consists of four or five glands along the lower border of the Pectoralis minor, in relation with the lateral thoracic artery.. Their afferents drain the skin and muscles of the anterior and lateral thoracic walls, and the central and lateral parts of the mamma; their efferents pass partly to the central and partly to the subclavicular groups of axillary glands.