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  2. Engine knocking - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_knocking

    In spark-ignition internal combustion engines, knocking (also knock, detonation, spark knock, pinging or pinking) occurs when combustion of some of the air/fuel mixture in the cylinder does not result from propagation of the flame front ignited by the spark plug, but when one or more pockets of air/fuel mixture explode outside the envelope of the normal combustion front.

  3. Electronic throttle control - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_throttle_control

    A typical ETC system consists of three major components: (i) an accelerator pedal module (ideally with two or more independent sensors), (ii) a throttle valve that can be opened and closed by an electric motor (sometimes referred to as an electric or electronic throttle body (ETB)), and (iii) a powertrain or engine control module (PCM or ECM). [4]

  4. Homogeneous charge compression ignition - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homogeneous_charge...

    The first, called Combined Combustion System or CCS, is based on the VW Group 2.0-litre diesel engine, but uses homogeneous intake charge. It requires synthetic fuel to achieve maximum benefit. The second is called Gasoline Compression Ignition or GCI; it uses HCCI when cruising and spark ignition when accelerating.

  5. Idle air control actuator - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idle_air_control_actuator

    Although the IAC is supposed to last the vehicle's lifetime, various reasons may cause it to fail/malfunction prematurely. The most common failure mode is partial/complete jamming of the actuator (due to dirt/dust or even oil) where it cannot be smoothly controlled. The result is an engine that fails to maintain idle RPM and frequently stalls.

  6. Throttle response - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Throttle_response

    The advent of concern about fuel economy and emissions had major impacts on engine design. Some of the trade-offs reduced throttle response. Most new cars employ a drive-by-wire system, which includes electronic throttle control and can itself either reduce or increase throttle response (Depending on whether or not it's being employed on a performance car).

  7. Engine control unit - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_control_unit

    The Ford EEC (Electronic Engine Control) system, which utilized the Toshiba TLCS-12 microprocessor, went into mass production in 1975. [ 7 ] The first Bosch engine management system was the Motronic 1.0 , which was introduced in the 1979 BMW 7 Series (E23) [ 8 ] This system was based on the existing Bosch Jetronic fuel injection system, to ...

  8. Throttle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Throttle

    The throttle on a gasoline engine is typically a butterfly valve. In a fuel-injected engine, the throttle valve is placed on the entrance of the intake manifold, or housed in the throttle body. In a carbureted engine, it is found in the carburetor. When a throttle is wide open, the intake manifold is usually close to ambient atmospheric pressure.

  9. Kinetic energy recovery system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinetic_energy_recovery_system

    The recovered energy is stored in a reservoir (for example a flywheel or high voltage batteries) for later use under acceleration. Examples include complex high end systems such as the Zytek , Flybrid, [ 1 ] Torotrak [ 2 ] [ 3 ] and Xtrac used in Formula One racing and simple, easily manufactured and integrated differential based systems such ...