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Airway management can be classified into closed or open techniques depending on the system of ventilation used. Tracheal intubation is a typical example of a closed technique as ventilation occurs using a closed circuit. Several open techniques exist, such as spontaneous ventilation, apnoeic ventilation or jet ventilation.
used in permanent tracheostomy •Cuffed type: in unconscious patient (single cuff is sufficient); used in permanent tracheostomy (with two cuffs); has a balloon (cuff) that is inflated to occlude the airway around the tube to prevent aspiration of fluids into the lungs •Jackson's: metal double tube and a pilot Retractor's (single or double hook)
In cricothyrotomy, the incision or puncture is made through the cricothyroid membrane in between the thyroid cartilage and the cricoid cartilage Photograph of a tracheostomy tube Surgical methods for airway management rely on making a surgical incision below the glottis in order to achieve direct access to the lower respiratory tract ...
These are followed by infraglottic techniques, such as tracheal intubation and finally surgical techniques. Advanced airway management is a key component in cardiopulmonary resuscitation, anesthesia, emergency medicine, and intensive care medicine. The "A" in the ABC mnemonic for dealing with critically ill patients stands for airway management ...
A tracheostomy tube may be single or dual lumen, and also cuffed or uncuffed. A dual lumen tracheostomy tube consists of an outer cannula or main shaft, an inner cannula, and an obturator. The obturator is used when inserting the tracheostomy tube to guide the placement of the outer cannula and is removed once the outer cannula is in place.
Basic airway management is a concept and set of medical procedures performed to prevent and treat airway obstruction and allow for adequate ventilation to a patient's lungs. [1]
Early tracheostomy devices are illustrated in Habicot's Question Chirurgicale [21] and Julius Casserius' posthumous Tabulae anatomicae in 1627. [23] Thomas Fienus (1567–1631), Professor of Medicine at the University of Louvain, was the first to use the word "tracheotomy" in 1649, but this term was not commonly used until a century later. [24]
Cricoid pressure, also known as the Sellick manoeuvre or Sellick maneuver, is a technique used in endotracheal intubation to try to reduce the risk of regurgitation.The technique involves the application of pressure to the cricoid cartilage at the neck, thus occluding the esophagus which passes directly behind it.