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The earliest known ironwork are beads from Jirzah in Egypt dating from 3500 BC and made from meteoric iron with the earliest use of smelted iron dates back to Mesopotamia. However, the first use of conventional smelting and purification techniques that modern society labels as true iron-working dates back to the Hittites in around 2000 BC.
A common name for an ornamental ironworker is a finisher because they are responsible for finishing the structures after the structural and rebar work is done. [16] The main wage for ornamental ironworkers ranges from $20.89 per hour to $45.00 per hour. The wages are adjusted according to the location of the work and the nature of the work.
Iron treated this way is said to be wrought (worked), and the resulting iron, with reduced amounts of slag, is called wrought iron or bar iron. Because of the creation process, individual blooms can often have differing carbon contents between the original top and bottom surfaces, differences that will also be somewhat blended together through ...
A year later, Alshafi Steel merged with Ittefaq Sons, forming Ittefaq Iron Industries Limited in 2009. [1] [5] In 2017, Ittefaq Iron Industries raised Rs. 1.26 billion through initial public offering at a strike price of Rs. 30.2 and became a listed company on the Pakistan Stock Exchange. [6] [7]
Steel or iron are usually avoided, as iron can react with moist timber to produce rust staining, or some tannin-rich woods such as oak or chestnut will provide indelible blue-black iron tannates. After heat bending the wood, clamping the wood into a solid mold will reinforce the bends made to the wood while drying, preventing the wood from ...
Cast iron development lagged in Europe because wrought iron was the desired product and the intermediate step of producing cast iron involved an expensive blast furnace and further refining of pig iron to cast iron, which then required a labor and capital intensive conversion to wrought iron.
Before the Han dynasty (202 BC – AD 220), Chinese ploughs were made almost wholly of wood except for the iron blade of the ploughshare. These were V-shaped iron pieces mounted on wooden blades and handles. [22]: 18 By the Han period the entire ploughshare was made of cast iron. These are the earliest known heavy, mould-board iron ploughs.
from Thagi ठग,ٹھگ Thag in Hindi-Urdu, meaning "thief or con man". [27] Tickety-boo possibly from Hindi ठीक है, बाबू (ṭhīk hai, bābū), meaning "it's all right, sir". [28] Toddy (also Hot toddy) from Tārī ताड़ी, juice of the palmyra palm. [29] Typhoon from Urdu طوفان toofaan. [30] A cyclonic storm.