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The Preparatory Committee for Indonesian Independence (Indonesian: Panitia Persiapan Kemerdekaan Indonesia, abbreviated as PPKI; Japanese: 独立準備委員会, Hepburn: Dokuritsu Junbi Īnkai) was a body established on 7 August 1945 to prepare for the transfer of authority from the occupying Japanese to Indonesia.
Subversion as Foreign Policy: The Secret Eisenhower and Dulles Debacle in Indonesia. Seattle: University of Washington Press. ISBN 0-29597-618-7. Kahin, George McT (1994). "The Impact of American Foreign Policy". Democracy in Indonesia: 1950s and 1990s (Editors: David Bourchier and John Legge): 63–73. Kahin, George McT. (October 1989).
The Central Indonesian National Committee (Indonesian: Komite Nasional Indonesia Pusat, KNIP), also known as the Central National Committee (Indonesian: Komite Nasional Pusat, KNP), [1] was a body appointed to assist the president of the newly independent Indonesia. Originally purely advisory, it later gained assumed legislative functions.
On 7 August, the day after the atomic bombing of Hiroshima, the Preparatory Committee for Indonesian Independence (Indonesian: Panitia Persiapan Kemerdekaan Indonesia) or PPKI was established. Sukarno was chairman, and Hatta vice-chairman. On 19 August 1945, this body created 12 ministries for Indonesia's first cabinet.
Kementerian Dalam Negeri (Kemendagri) 19 August 1945 Tito Karnavian ... Kabinet-Kabinet Republik Indonesia: Dari Awal Kemerdekaan Sampai Reformasi (in Indonesian ...
Ricklefs, M. C. (1982), A History of Modern Indonesia (reprint ed.), Southeast Asia: Macmillan, ISBN 0-333-24380-3. Simanjuntak, PHH (2003). Kabinet-Kabinet Republik Indonesia: Dari Awal Kemerdekaan Sampai Reformasi [Cabinets of the Republic of Indonesia: From the Start of Independence to the Reform era]. Jakarta: Penerbit Djambatan.
Sekretariat Negara Republik Indonesia (1975) 30 Tahun Indonesia Merdeka: Jilid 3 (1965–1973) (30 Years of Indonesian Independence: Volume 3 (1965–1973) Simanjuntak, P.H.H (2003) Kabinet-Kabinet Republik Indonesia: Dari Awal Kemerdekaan Sampai Reformasi (Cabinets of the Republic of Indonesia: From the Start of Independence to the Reform era ...
Merdeka Square in Kuala Lumpur.. Tunku Abdul Rahman, later the inaugural Malaysian Prime Minister, declared Malayan independence in 1957 with seven shouts of "Merdeka".The cry is referenced in the Malaysian national holiday, Hari Merdeka, commemorating Malaya's independence on 31 August 1957, and Dataran Merdeka (Independence Square) where the first ceremony raising the flag of Malaya was held ...