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Of the monocot clades containing C 4 plants, the grass species use the C 4 photosynthetic pathway most. 46% of grasses are C 4 and together account for 61% of C 4 species. C 4 has arisen independently in the grass family some twenty or more times, in various subfamilies, tribes, and genera, [ 29 ] including the Andropogoneae tribe which ...
The monocots or monocotyledons have, as the name implies, a single (mono-) cotyledon, or embryonic leaf, in their seeds.Historically, this feature was used to contrast the monocots with the dicotyledons or dicots which typically have two cotyledons; however, modern research has shown that the dicots are not a natural group, and the term can only be used to indicate all angiosperms that are not ...
The stem anatomy of ferns is more complicated than that of dicots because fern stems often have one or more leaf gaps in cross section. A leaf gap is where the vascular tissue branches off to a frond. In cross section, the vascular tissue does not form a complete cylinder where a leaf gap occurs.
A leaf (pl.: leaves) is a principal appendage of the stem of a vascular plant, [1] usually borne laterally above ground and specialized for photosynthesis.Leaves are collectively called foliage, as in "autumn foliage", [2] [3] while the leaves, stem, flower, and fruit collectively form the shoot system. [4]
F bicollateral open Cross section of celery stalk, showing vascular bundles, which includes both phloem and xylem Detail of vascular bundle: closed, collateral vascular bundles of the stem axis of Zea mays Vascular bundle in the leaf of Metasequoia glyptostroboides The vascular bundle of pine leaf showing xylem and phloem
Coleoptile is the pointed protective sheath covering the emerging shoot in monocotyledons such as grasses in which few leaf primordia and shoot apex of monocot embryo remain enclosed. The coleoptile protects the first leaf as well as the growing stem in seedlings and eventually, allows the first leaf to emerge. [ 1 ]
Cross section of celery stalk, showing vascular bundles, which include both phloem and xylem Detail of the vasculature of a bramble leaf Translocation in vascular plants. Vascular tissue is a complex conducting tissue, formed of more than one cell type, found in vascular plants. The primary components of vascular tissue are the xylem and phloem ...
cross section of a curled leaf of Ammophila (plant) (40x magnified); white buliform cells are visible at the base of the grooves. During drought, the loss of water through vacuoles induces the reduced bulliform cells to allow the leaves of many grass species to close and the two edges of the grass blade fold toward each other. Once enough water ...