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[8] [57] Gooren found that organizational effects of prenatal androgens are more prevalent in gender role behavior than in gender identity, and that there are preliminary findings that suggest evidence of a male gender identity being more frequent in patients with fully male-typical prenatal androgenization. [8]
Most animal studies are performed on rats or mice. In these studies, the amount of testosterone each individual fetus is exposed to depends on its intrauterine position (IUP). Each gestating fetus not at either end of the uterine horn is surrounded by either two males (2M), two females (0M), or one female and one male (1M).
In this way, our gender identity (the conviction of belonging to the male or female gender) and sexual orientation are programmed or organized into our brain structures when we are still in the womb. There is no indication that social environment after birth has an effect on gender identity or sexual orientation." [77]
The embryo and subsequent early fetus appear to be sexually indifferent, looking neither like a male or a female. Over the next several weeks, hormones are produced that cause undifferentiated tissue to transform into either male or female reproductive organs. This process is called sexual differentiation.
In short: “Gender identity is how you feel about yourself and the ways you express your gender,” says Jackie Golob, MS, LPCC, an AASECT-certified sex therapist in Minnesota.
A 2006 consensus statement on intersex conditions also adopted the terms "assigned sex" and "assigned gender". Sex is assigned as either male or female, leading to specific terms: [12] [2] [20] Assigned male at birth A person of any age and irrespective of current gender whose sex was assigned as male at birth. Often shortened to AMAB.
An Internet survey reported a high rate of transgender and intersex identity in people assigned male at birth participating in an online support forum for DES sons. [25] [26] [27] Of 500 respondents, about 32% identified as transgender, transsexual, gender dysphoric, or intersex (90, 48, 17, and 3, respectively).
This maze of alternating gender-specific phases is genetically controlled via the release of the alternating ratio of male-to-female hormones in the uterus by ovaries. Women have been provided around 400 menstrual cycles with around 200 for conceiving boys and 200 for conceiving girls and this target is alternating.