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Several studies have now assessed the benefit of using preventive platelet transfusions in adults with dengue who have profound thrombocytopenia (platelet count < 20 x 10 9 /L. [17] There is no evidence that this reduce the risk of bleeding, but there is evidence that they increase the risk of harm due to the platelet transfusion (increased ...
Platelet count increase as well as platelet survival after transfusion is related to the dose of platelets infused and to the patient's body surface area (BSA). Usually these values are less than what would be expected. Corrected platelet count increment (CCI) = platelet increment at one hr x BSA (m 2) / # platelets infused x 10 11
Platelet transfusion refractoriness is the repeated failure to achieve the desired level of blood platelets in a patient following a platelet transfusion. The cause of refractoriness may be either immune or non-immune. Among immune-related refractoriness, antibodies against HLA antigens are the primary cause.
A normal platelet count ranges from 150 to 400 x10 9 /L, but these patients can have platelet counts well below 50 x 10 9 /L. These low platelet counts are associated with an increased bleeding risk. Generally, platelet transfusions are given at a threshold of 10 x10 9 /L in order to increase the number of circulating platelets.
Platelet transfusion is contraindicated in thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP), as it fuels the coagulopathy. Platelet transfusion is generally ineffective, and thus contraindicated, for prophylaxis in immune thrombocytopenia (ITP), because the transfused platelets are immediately cleared; however, it is indicated to treat bleeding. [70]
Low levels of platelets in turn may lead to prolonged or excessive bleeding. It is the most common coagulation disorder among intensive care patients and is seen in a fifth of medical patients and a third of surgical patients. [3] A normal human platelet count ranges from 150,000 to 450,000 platelets/microliter (μL) of blood. [4]
In transfusion medicine, transfusion-associated circulatory overload (aka TACO) is a transfusion reaction (an adverse effect of blood transfusion) resulting in signs or symptoms of excess fluid in the circulatory system (hypervolemia) within 12 hours after transfusion. [2]
Mutations in the human CD36 gene were first identified in a patient who, despite multiple platelet transfusions, continued to exhibit low platelet levels. [45] [46] This condition is known as refractoriness to platelet transfusion. Subsequent studies have shown that CD36 found on the surface of platelets.