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Pupils at Carlisle Indian Industrial School, Pennsylvania, c. 1900. American Indian boarding schools, also known more recently as American Indian residential schools, were established in the United States from the mid-17th to the early 20th centuries with a primary objective of "civilizing" or assimilating Native American children and youth into Anglo-American culture.
Students from boarding schools were assigned to live with and work for European-American families, often during summers, ostensibly to learn more about English language, useful skills, and majority culture, but in reality, primarily as a source of unpaid labor. Many boarding schools continued operating into the 1960s and 1970s.
Choctaw Academy in Scott County, Kentucky, was the first such boarding school, but was initiated by Choctaw leaders and then funded by the U.S. government through the 1819 Civilization Fund Act. [7] Pratt had earlier supervised Native American prisoners of war, and supported some of them in gaining education at Hampton College.
The National Native American Boarding School Healing Coalition already had what was considered the most extensive list of boarding schools. The total now stands at 523 schools, with each dot on ...
Between 1819 and 1969, the federal government operated or supported 408 Native American boarding schools
Crystal Boarding School is a K-6 boarding school in Crystal, New Mexico. [29] It opened in 1935 as part of an effort to replace off-reservation Indian boarding schools with on-reservation boarding schools, as a part of the New Deal project. [11] In 2014 about 30 students boarded but most did not.
Native American girls from the Omaha tribe at Carlisle School, Pa., ca. 1870s. ... As generations before them in mission and boarding schools, Native students in majority-white public schools were ...
This list is far from complete as recent reports show more than 408 American Indian Boarding Schools in the United States. Additionally, according to the Inaugural Department of the Interior Indian Boarding School report released on May 12, 2022. There were 408 schools in 37 states, and 53 unmarked/marked burial sites in the U.S.