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The steady shortening of telomeres with each replication in somatic (body) cells may have a role in senescence [19] and in the prevention of cancer. [ 20 ] [ 21 ] This is because the telomeres act as a sort of time-delay "fuse", eventually running out after a certain number of cell divisions and resulting in the eventual loss of vital genetic ...
When the cell does this due to telomere-shortening, the ends of different chromosomes can be attached to each other. This solves the problem of lacking telomeres, but during cell division anaphase, the fused chromosomes are randomly ripped apart, causing many mutations and chromosomal abnormalities. As this process continues, the cell's genome ...
Almost all cancer cells have shortened telomeres. [20] This may seem counter-intuitive, as short telomeres should activate the ATR/ATM DNA damage checkpoint and thereby prevent division. Resolving the question of why cancer cells have short telomeres led to the development of a two-stage model for how cancer cells subvert telomeric regulation ...
Alternative Lengthening of Telomeres (also known as "ALT") is a telomerase-independent mechanism by which cancer cells avoid the degradation of telomeres.. At each end of the chromosomes of most eukaryotic cells, there is a telomere: a region of repetitive nucleotide sequences which protects the end of the chromosome from deterioration or from fusion with neighboring chromosomes.
In contrast, germ line and cancer cells possess an enzyme, telomerase, which prevents telomere degradation and maintains telomere integrity, causing these types of cells to be very long-lived. In humans, the role of subtelomere disorders is demonstrated in facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD), Alzheimer's disease , epilepsy [ 17 ] and ...
As the cell divides, the telomeres on the ends of chromosomes shorten. The Hayflick limit is the limit on cell replication imposed by the shortening of telomeres with each division. This end stage is known as cellular senescence. The Hayflick limit has been found to correlate with the length of the telomeric region at the end of chromosomes.
Kidney and nerve tissue cells can form memories much like brain cells, one new study has found. Another recent study says that memories of obesity stored in fat tissue may be partly responsible ...
In 1999 it was reported that telomeres, which cap the end of chromosomes, terminate in a lariat-like structure termed a T-loop (Telomere-loop). [11] This is a loop of both strands of the chromosome which are joined to an earlier point in the double-stranded DNA by the 3' strand end invading the strand pair to form a D-loop.