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Certain compositions of cast iron, while retaining the economies of melting and casting, can be heat treated after casting to make malleable iron or ductile iron objects. Steel is distinguishable from wrought iron (now largely obsolete), which may contain a small amount of carbon but large amounts of slag.
EN 10027-1 steel grade designation system. European standard steel grade names fall into two categories: [1] Steel specified by purpose of use and mechanical properties. Steel specified by chemical composition. The inclusion of a letter 'G' before the code indicates the steel is specified in the form of a casting.
Although alloy steels have been made for centuries, their metallurgy was not well understood until the advancing chemical science of the nineteenth century revealed their compositions. Alloy steels from earlier times were expensive luxuries made on the model of "secret recipes" and forged into tools such as knives and swords.
Stainless steel, also known as inox, corrosion-resistant steel (CRES), and rustless steel, is an alloy of iron that is resistant to rusting and corrosion. It contains iron with chromium and other elements such as molybdenum , carbon , nickel and nitrogen depending on its specific use and cost.
Chemical composition of a few common martensitic stainless steel grades from EN 10088-1 (2005) standard Chemical composition (main alloying elements) in wt% EN. Steel designation. EN. Number. AISI. Number Number: C: Cr: Mo: Others: Remarks: X12Cr13 1.4006 410 0.12 12.5 — — Base grade, used as stainless engineering steel X20Cr13 1.4021 420 0 ...
Carbon steel is heated to approximately 550 °C (1,000 °F) for 1 hour; this ensures the steel completely transforms to austenite. The steel is then air-cooled, which is a cooling rate of approximately 38 °C (100 °F) per minute. This results in a fine pearlitic structure, and a more-uniform structure.
High-strength low-alloy steel (HSLA) is a type of alloy steel that provides better mechanical properties or greater resistance to corrosion than carbon steel.HSLA steels vary from other steels in that they are not made to meet a specific chemical composition but rather specific mechanical properties.
Structural steel shapes, sizes, chemical composition, mechanical properties such as strengths, storage practices, etc., are regulated by standards in most industrialized countries. Most structural steel shapes, such as Ɪ-beams , have high second moments of area , which means they are very stiff in respect to their cross-sectional area and ...