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Dosage compensation is the process by which organisms equalize the expression of genes between members of different biological sexes. Across species, different sexes are often characterized by different types and numbers of sex chromosomes .
X hyperactivation is one mechanism of dosage compensation, whereby organisms that use genetic sex determination systems balance the gene dosage from the sex chromosomes between males and females. [1] X hyperactivation is regulated by the alternative splicing of a gene called sex-lethal.
Reproductive compensation refers to the tendency of parents, seeking a given family size, to replace offspring that are lost to genetic disorders. It may also refer to the effects of increased maternal or parental investment in caring for disadvantaged offspring, seeking to compensate for genetic disadvantage.
Micrographic karyogram of a human male. Shows 2 sets of the 22 autosomal chromosomes and the 23rd chromosome set with one X and one Y. Schematic karyogram of a human, showing an overview of the human genome, with 22 homologous chromosomes, both the female (XX) and male (XY) versions of the sex chromosome (bottom right), as well as the mitochondrial genome (to scale at bottom left).
Transcriptional adaptation is a recently described type of genetic compensation by which a mutation in one gene leads to the transcriptional modulation of related genes, termed adapting genes or modifiers. [1] [2]
A heroin addict entering a rehab facility presents as severe a case as a would-be suicide entering a psych ward. The addiction involves genetic predisposition, corrupted brain chemistry, entrenched environmental factors and any number of potential mental-health disorders — it requires urgent medical intervention.
RoX RNA is a non-coding RNA (ncRNA) present in the male-specific lethal (MSL) complex and is required for sex dosage compensation in Drosophila.As males only contain one X chromosome, male flies dosage compensate for the X chromosome by hyper-transcribing the X chromosome.
: Scientists have recently discovered a new primate species in Myanmar’s central forest. However, the Popa langur, named after nearby Mount Popa, is tragically already on the verge of extinction.