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Title IX is a landmark federal civil rights law in the United States that was enacted as part (Title IX) of the Education Amendments of 1972. It prohibits sex-based discrimination in any school or any other education program that receives funding from the federal government .
Education Amendments of 1972; Long title: An Act to amend the Higher Education Act of 1965, the Vocational Education Act of 1963, the General Education Provisions Act (creating a National Foundation for Postsecondary Education and a National Institute of Education), the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965, Public Law 874, Eighty-first Congress, and related Acts, and for other purposes.
Title IX is a portion of the United States Education Amendments of 1972, Public Law No. 92‑318, 86 Stat. 235 (June 23, 1972), codified at 20 U.S.C. §§ 1681–1688, co-authored and introduced by Senator Birch Bayh; it was renamed the Patsy Mink Equal Opportunity in Education Act in 2002, after its late House co-author and sponsor. It states ...
This legislation, the first of its kind in the United States, prohibits trans women athletes from competing in female-only sports. [71] In April 2020, the ACLU and the Legal Voice filed a lawsuit, Hecox v. Little, arguing that this law violates the US Constitution and Title IX. [72] [73] [74]
The landmark legislation led by Rep. Greg Steube, R-Fla., ensures that women are protected in female sports that are operated, sponsored or facilitated by a recipient of federal funding.
The Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) was first proposed in 1923 by suffragist Alice Paul as an amendment to the United States Constitution to prohibit discrimination on the basis of sex. It was passed by the House of Representatives in 1971 and the Senate in 1972.
A letter from more than 120 House Democrats, led by now-former Rep. Cori Bush and Rep. Ayanna Pressley, called on Biden to demand that the archivist publish the amendment.. Both houses of Congress ...
Discrimination in higher education was sufficiently highlighted that Congress addressed it in the Education Amendments of 1972, the landmark legislation known as Title IX. Though OFCC regulations required the creation of "goals and timetables" for affirmative actions to remedy past discriminatory employment practices, government officials ...