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Haiku (俳句, listen ⓘ) is a type of short form poetry that originated in Japan. Traditional Japanese haiku consist of three phrases composed of 17 morae (called on in Japanese) in a 5, 7, 5 pattern; [1] that include a kireji, or "cutting word"; [2] and a kigo, or seasonal reference.
This is a list of kigo, which are words or phrases that are associated with a particular season in Japanese poetry.They provide an economy of expression that is especially valuable in the very short haiku, as well as the longer linked-verse forms renku and renga, to indicate the season referenced in the poem or stanza.
Kireji (切れ字, lit. "cutting word") are a special category of words used in certain types of Japanese traditional poetry. It is regarded as a requirement in traditional haiku, as well as in the hokku, or opening verse, of both classical renga and its derivative renku (haikai no renga).
A haiku in English is an English-language poem written in a form or style inspired by Japanese haiku.Like their Japanese counterpart, haiku in English are typically short poems and often reference the seasons, but the degree to which haiku in English implement specific elements of Japanese haiku, such as the arranging of 17 phonetic units (either syllables or the Japanese on) in a 5–7–5 ...
What some people call Estonian haiku (Estonian: Eesti haiku) is a form of poetry introduced in Estonia in 2009. [23] The so-called "Estonian haiku" is shorter than a Japanese one; the syllable count in Japanese haiku is 5+7+5, while Estonian haiku also goes in three lines but only comprises 4+6+4 syllables. Estonian authors claim that this is a ...
Paralleling the development of haiku in English, poets writing renku in English nowadays seldom adhere to a 5-7-5 syllable format for the hokku, or other chōku ('long verses'), of their poem. The salutative requirement of the traditional hokku is often disregarded, but the hokku is still typically required to include a kigo (seasonal word or ...
The following poem is a typical example of Santōka's work: What, even my straw hat has started leaking 笠も漏り出したか kasa mo moridashita ka. This poem exhibits two major features of free verse haiku: It is a single utterance that cannot be subdivided into a 5-7-5 syllable structure, and; It does not contain a season word.
The 5-7-5 is called the kami-no-ku (上の句, "upper phrase"), and the 7-7 is called the shimo-no-ku (下の句, "lower phrase"). Sometimes the distinction between Waka and Tanka are drawn on where the division is placed, either after the first couplet or after the first tercet , but sources disagree.