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Cycle of research and development Spending on research and development as share of GDP (2015). Research and development (R&D or R+D), [1] known in some countries as experiment and design, is the set of innovative activities undertaken by corporations or governments in developing new services or products.
Few dedicated management models for R&D exist. Among the more popularized ones are Arthur D. Little's Third generation R&D management, [5] the Development funnel, [6] the Phase–gate model All these models are concerned with improving R&D performance and result productivity, managing R&D as a process, and providing the R&D function with an environment in which the inherent technological and ...
The research-based design process is a research process proposed by Teemu Leinonen, [1] [2] inspired by several design theories. [ 3 ] [ 4 ] [ 5 ] It is strongly oriented towards the building of prototypes and it emphasizes creative solutions, exploration of various ideas and design concepts, continuous testing and redesign of the design solutions.
Research development (RD) is a set of strategic, proactive, catalytic, and capacity-building activities designed to facilitate individual faculty members, teams of researchers, and central research administrations in attracting extramural research funding, creating relationships, and developing and implementing strategies that increase institutional competitiveness.
Public research and development (Public R&D) refers to the R&D activities related to public sectors, including governments, colleges and non-profit organizations. [2] Public R&D include academic fundamental research, applied research and R&D grants and contracts to private sectors, where later two are known as 'R&D subsidy'.
"Directly supervising qualified research" is the first-line supervision of qualified research. This does not include the higher-level managers to whom the first-line supervisors report. "Supporting qualified research" includes an employee's time spent aiding the direct conduct of research and development.
Army Research, Development and Engineering Command (RDECOM) Army Research Laboratory (ARL) Army Armament Research, Development and Engineering Center (ARDEC) Engineer Research and Development Center (ERDC) U.S. Army Test and Evaluation Command (ATEC) Army Medical Research and Material Command (USAMRMC)
Design research was originally constituted as primarily concerned with ways of supporting and improving the process of design, developing from work in design methods.The concept has been expanded to include research embedded within the process of design and research-based design practice, research into the cognitive and communal processes of designing, and extending into wider aspects of socio ...