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However, a disturbance, such as fire, may kill the climax species, allowing pioneer or earlier successional species to re-establish for a time. [4] They are the opposite of pioneer species , also known as ruderal , fugitive, opportunistic or R-selected species, in the sense that climax species are good competitors but poor colonizers, whereas ...
Some lichens grow on rocks without soil, so may be among the first of life forms, and break down the rocks into soil for plants. [11] Since some uninhabited land may have thin, poor quality soils with few nutrients, pioneer species are often hardy plants with adaptations such as long roots, root nodes containing nitrogen-fixing bacteria, and leaves that employ transpiration.
An antonym is one of a pair of words with opposite meanings. Each word in the pair is the antithesis of the other. A word may have more than one antonym. There are three categories of antonyms identified by the nature of the relationship between the opposed meanings.
Belenois aurota, the pioneer [2] [3] or pioneer white [4] or caper white, [3] is a small to medium-sized butterfly of the family Pieridae, that is, the yellows and whites, which is found in South Asia and Africa. [3]
Pioneer, ship at the South Street Seaport Museum in New York City, U.S., 1885; USS Pioneer, several U.S. Navy ships, 1800s – 1900s; USC&GS Pioneer, several U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey ships, 1900s; MV P&O Pioneer, a British hybrid power seagoing ferry, introduced on the Dover–Calais route, 2023
Secondary succession is the secondary ecological succession of a plant's life. As opposed to the first, primary succession, secondary succession is a process started by an event (e.g. forest fire, harvesting, hurricane, etc.) that reduces an already established ecosystem (e.g. a forest or a wheat field) to a smaller population of species, and as such secondary succession occurs on preexisting ...
Belenois aurota (Fabricius, 1793) – brown-veined white, African caper white, or pioneer white; Belenois creona (Cramer, 1776) – African common white or African caper; Belenois gidica (Godart, 1819) – African veined white or pointed caper; Species group pseudohuphina: Belenois margaritacea Sharpe, 1891 – Margarita's caper white
The genus Griffonia was named by botanist Henri Baillon in honour of his friend and fellow physician Marie-Théophile Griffon du Bellay, explorer of Gabon, pioneer in the study of sleeping sickness and also of the African entheogen Iboga, source of the alkaloid ibogaine. Griffon de Bellay undertook an early study of the properties of G ...