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Levomefolic acid (INN, also known as L-5-MTHF, L-methylfolate and L-5-methyltetrahydrofolate and (6S)-5-methyltetrahydrofolate, and (6S)-5-MTHF) is the primary biologically active form of folate used at the cellular level for DNA reproduction, the cysteine cycle and the regulation of homocysteine.
In common forms of MTHFR deficiency, elevated plasma homocysteine levels have sometimes been treated with Vitamin B12 and low doses of folic acid. [2] Although this treatment significantly decreases the serum levels of homocysteine, this treatment is not thought to improve health outcomes.
Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) is the rate-limiting enzyme in the methyl cycle, and it is encoded by the MTHFR gene. [5] Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase catalyzes the conversion of 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate to 5-methyltetrahydrofolate, a cosubstrate for homocysteine remethylation to methionine.
Folate in the form of folic acid is used to treat anemia caused by folate deficiency. [3] Folic acid is also used as a supplement by women during pregnancy to reduce the risk of neural tube defects (NTDs) in the baby. [3] [10] NTDs include anencephaly and spina bifida, among other defects.
Signs of folate deficiency anemia most of the time are subtle. [4] Anemia (macrocytic, megaloblastic anemia) can be a sign of advanced folate deficiency in adults. [1] Folate deficiency anemia may result in feeling tired, weakness, changes to the color of the skin or hair, open sores on the mouth, shortness of breath, palpitations, lightheadedness, cold hands and feet, headaches, easy bleeding ...
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Cerefolin is a prescription medication made by Pamlab that contains 5.635 mg of folate as L-methylfolate, 1 mg of vitamin B 12 as methylcobalamin, 50 mg of vitamin B 2 as riboflavin, and 5 mg of vitamin B 6 as pyridoxine. It is approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for the treatment or prevention of vitamin deficiencies. [1]
[6R]-5,10-methylene-THF is a biomodulator that has proven to enhance the desired cytotoxic antitumor effect of Fluorouracil (5-FU) and can bypass the metabolic pathway required by other folates (such as leucovorin) to achieve necessary activation. [4]