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The fatigue limit or endurance limit is the stress level below which an infinite number of loading cycles can be applied to a material without causing fatigue failure. [1] Some metals such as ferrous alloys and titanium alloys have a distinct limit, [ 2 ] whereas others such as aluminium and copper do not and will eventually fail even from ...
Titanium is considered the most biocompatible metal due to its resistance to corrosion from bodily fluids, bio-inertness, capacity for osseointegration, and high fatigue limit. Titanium's ability to withstand the harsh bodily environment is a result of the protective oxide film that forms naturally in the presence of oxygen.
Example of a HFMI treated steel highway bridge to avoid fatigue along the weld transition. Change material. Changes in the materials used in parts can also improve fatigue life. For example, parts can be made from better fatigue rated metals. Complete replacement and redesign of parts can also reduce if not eliminate fatigue problems.
Within the branch of materials science known as material failure theory, the Goodman relation (also called a Goodman diagram, a Goodman-Haigh diagram, a Haigh diagram or a Haigh-Soderberg diagram) is an equation used to quantify the interaction of mean and alternating stresses on the fatigue life of a material. [1]
Like steel structures, those made from titanium have a fatigue limit that guarantees longevity in some applications. [19] The metal is a dimorphic allotrope of a hexagonal close packed α form that changes into a body-centered cubic (lattice) β form at 882 °C (1,620 °F).
Beta titanium alloys have excellent formability and can be easily welded. [10] Beta titanium is nowadays largely utilized in the orthodontic field and was adopted for orthodontics use in the 1980s. [10] This type of alloy replaced stainless steel for certain uses, as stainless steel had dominated orthodontics since the 1960s.
In true corrosion fatigue, the fatigue-crack-growth rate is enhanced by corrosion; this effect is seen in all three regions of the fatigue-crack growth-rate diagram. The diagram on the left is a schematic of crack-growth rate under true corrosion fatigue; the curve shifts to a lower stress-intensity-factor range in the corrosive environment.
Static fatigue tests can be used to determine the lifespan of a material with different loads and environmental conditions. [ 13 ] [ 14 ] However, accurately assessing a material's true static fatigue life presents challenges, as these tests often require an extended duration and there is significant variability in the results.