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Several physical properties of superconductors vary from material to material, such as the critical temperature, the value of the superconducting gap, the critical magnetic field, and the critical current density at which superconductivity is destroyed. On the other hand, there is a class of properties that are independent of the underlying ...
X:Y means material X doped with element Y, T C is the highest reported transition temperature in kelvins and H C is a critical magnetic field in tesla. "BCS" means whether or not the superconductivity is explained within the BCS theory.
Metal alloy superconductors can also exhibit type-II behavior (e.g., niobium–titanium, one of the most common superconductors in applied superconductivity), as well as intermetallic compounds like niobium–tin. Other type-II examples are the cuprate-perovskite ceramic materials which have achieved the highest superconducting critical ...
Conventional superconductors are materials that display superconductivity as described by BCS theory or its extensions. This is in contrast to unconventional superconductors, which do not. Conventional superconductors can be either type-I or type-II. Most elemental superconductors are conventional. Niobium and vanadium are type-II, while most ...
Hence, again, a Cooper pair is formed. When the system temperature is lowered, more spin density waves and Cooper pairs are created, eventually leading to superconductivity. Note that in high-T c systems, as these systems are magnetic systems due to the Coulomb interaction, there is a strong Coulomb repulsion between electrons. This Coulomb ...
Matthias postulated an additional criterion in 1976 at the Rochester Conference on superconductivity to include these materials. [ 13 ] Another violation of Matthias rules appeared in 1979, with the discovery of heavy fermion superconductors by Frank Steglich [ 14 ] where magnetism was expected to play a role, contrary to the Matthias rules.
Meissner Effect (Science from scratch) Short video from Imperial College London about the Meissner effect and levitating trains of the future. Introduction to superconductivity Video about Type 1 Superconductors: R = 0/Transition temperatures/ B is a state variable/Meissner effect/Energy gap (Giaever)/BCS model.
Chemical formulae of superconducting materials generally contain fractional numbers to describe the doping required for superconductivity. There are several families of cuprate superconductors which can be categorized by the elements they contain and the number of adjacent copper-oxide layers in each superconducting block.