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ATS when used illicitly has street names including ice, meth, crystal, crank, bennies, and speed. Within the group of amphetamine-type stimulants, there are also prescription drugs including mixed amphetamine salts, dextroamphetamine, and lisdexamfetamine. Amphetamine was first synthesized in 1887 by the Romanian chemist Lazar Edeleano.
Levoamphetamine was first introduced in the form of racemic amphetamine under the brand name Benzedrine in 1935 and as an enantiopure drug under the brand name Cydril in the 1970s. [ 10 ] [ 15 ] While pharmaceutical formulations containing enantiopure levoamphetamine are no longer manufactured, [ 10 ] levomethamphetamine (levmetamfetamine) is ...
The two most commonly reported drug effects were "a sense of well being and a feeling of exhilaration" and "lessened fatigue in reaction to work". [ 22 ] During World War II, both the Allied and Axis forces experimented with giving amphetamine and methamphetamine to select servicemen for their stimulant and performance-enhancing effects.
The adverse side effects of amphetamine are many and varied, and the amount of amphetamine used is the primary factor in determining the likelihood and severity of adverse effects. [ 29 ] [ 41 ] Amphetamine products such as Adderall , Dexedrine, and their generic equivalents are currently approved by the U.S. FDA for long-term therapeutic use.
Benzedrine is also the drug of choice of Bond's nemesis Le Chiffre in Fleming's first novel, Casino Royale, albeit administered via an inhaler. In Live and Let Die, Bond receives Benzedrine tablets amongst other materials intended to aid him in a mission. Bond takes a tablet and later credits its effect with preventing him from fainting after ...
Methylphenidate is a stimulant drug that is often used in the treatment of ADHD and narcolepsy and occasionally to treat obesity in combination with diet restraints and exercise. Its effects at therapeutic doses include increased focus, increased alertness, decreased appetite, decreased need for sleep and decreased impulsivity.
Benzylpiperazine (BZP) is a substance often used as a recreational drug and is known to have euphoriant and stimulant properties. Several studies conducted between 2000 and 2011 found that the effects of BZP are similar to amphetamine, although BZP's dosage is roughly 10 times higher by weight.
[12] [15] The "reinforcing" effects of substituted amphetamines were quickly discovered, and the misuse of substituted amphetamines had been noted as far back as 1936. [15] Amphetamine pills. During World War II, amphetamines were used by the German military to keep their tank crews awake for long periods, and treat depression.