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Islam is a major religious minority in the Russian Federation, which has the largest Muslim population in Europe. [2] According to the US Department of State in 2017, [3] Muslims in Russia numbered 14 million or roughly 10% of the total population.
The Crimean peninsula became the main area for the spread of Islam in the lands that are now part of independent Ukraine. It was here that the Crimean Tatar civilization was born and strengthened. In Crimea, Islam became the state religion of the Crimean Khanate, which maintained its full or partial independence for more than 300 years.
During this time, Islam was the country's second-largest religion; 90% of Muslims in the Soviet Union were adherents of Sunni Islam, with only around 10% adhering to Shia Islam. Excluding the Azerbaijan SSR, which had a Shia-majority population, all of the Muslim-majority Union Republics had Sunni-majority populations. [1]
Pro-EU demonstration in Kyiv, 27 November 2013, during the Euromaidan protestsWith the Euromaidan and Revolution of Dignity since November 2013, popular protests across Ukraine led to the dismissal of pro-Russian Ukrainian president Viktor Yanukovych by the Verkhovna Rada (Ukraine's parliament), as he fled to Russia. [13]
The Luhansk People's Republic [d] (LPR; Russian: Луга́нская Наро́дная Респу́блика (ЛНР), romanized: Luganskaya Narodnaya Respublika (LNR), IPA: [lʊˈɡanskəjə nɐˈrodnəjə rʲɪˈspublʲɪkə]) is a republic of Russia in the occupied parts of eastern Ukraine's Luhansk Oblast, with its capital in Luhansk.
Sunni Islam is the predominant religion in Chechnya, practiced by 95% of those polled in Grozny in 2010. [70] [71] Most of the population is Sunni and follows either the Shafi'i or the Hanafi schools of Islamic jurisprudence. [72] The Shafi'i school of jurisprudence has a long tradition among the Chechens, and thus it remains the most practiced.
A map of the buffer zone established by the Minsk Protocol follow-up memorandum. The Minsk agreements were a series of international agreements which sought to end the Donbas war fought between armed Russian separatist groups and Armed Forces of Ukraine, with Russian regular forces playing a central part. [1]
In 2011, the total trade volume between two nations has reached US$1.27 billion, and increased to US$1.32 billion in 2012. The trade balances between two nations is in favour to Ukraine; the Indonesian export value to Ukraine in 2012 was US$548.9 million, while Indonesia's import value from Ukraine for the same year was US$774.1 million.