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The Philippines is an archipelago of 7,641 islands customarily enclosed by the lines demarcated by the Treaty of Paris in 1898 and its supplementary Treaty of Washington of 1900, and the Convention Between the United States and Great Britain in 1930, which came to be known in the Philippines as its International Treaty Limits.
Archipelagic waters: The convention set the definition of "Archipelagic States" in Part IV, which also defines how the state can draw its territorial borders. A baseline is drawn between the outermost points of the outermost islands, subject to these points being sufficiently close to one another.
The regime of archipelagic sea lanes passage (ASLP) is specific to archipelagic waters and is similar to the transit passage for the international straits: both ships and aircraft can use the archipelagic waters, the right of passage is non-suspensible, submarines can navigate while submerged, etc. Article 54 in particular explicitly incorporates Articles 39, 30, 42, and 44 (that cover the ...
A baseline, as defined by the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, is the line (or curve) along the coast from which the seaward limits of a state's territorial sea and certain other maritime zones of jurisdiction are measured, such as a state's exclusive economic zone. Normally, a sea baseline follows the low-water line of a ...
Normally, the baseline is the low-water line along the coast as marked on large-scale charts that the coastal state recognizes. This is either the low-water mark closest to the shore or an unlimited distance from permanently exposed land, provided that some portion of elevations exposed at low tide but covered at high tide (such as mud flats) is within 3 nautical miles (5.6 kilometres; 3 + 1 ...
The coastal states have jurisdiction over the sea areas: internal waters and the territorial sea with international straits (limited by the transit passage), archipelagic waters, the contiguous zone, the exclusive economic zone and the continental shelf. Their jurisdiction covers, depending on the area: navigation, fishing, mineral extraction ...
The current baselines were established by Government Regulation 38 of 2002 [2] which defined by 183 coordinate points as basepoints. The baselines were modified by Government Regulation No 37 of 2008 [3] which changed as well as added basepoints to take into account the International Court of Justice decision on the sovereignty of Sipadan and Ligitan islands and the independence of East Timor.
Congress then enacted the bill of Senator Miriam Defensor Santiago, now known as Republic Act No. 9522, or the Archipelagic Baselines Law, as the basis of the claim. It asserted that, according to scientific data based on seismic, magnetic, other geological features, the Philippine Rise is an extension of the Philippines’ continental shelf ...