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Corallinales is the one genus of red algae exists but their distribution ranges across the world's oceans. [30] Examples include Corallina, Neogoniolithon, and Harveylithon. [30] The magnesium-rich calcium carbonate of Corallinales cell wall provides shelter from predators and structural integrity in the intertidal zone.
Coralline algae are especially important in reef construction, as they lay down calcium carbonate as calcite. Although they contribute considerable bulk to the calcium carbonate structure of coral reefs, their more important role in most areas of the reef, is in acting as the cement which binds the reef materials into a sturdy structure. [38]
Rhodolith communities contribute significantly to the global calcium carbonate budget, and fossil rhodoliths are commonly used to obtain paleoecologic and paleoclimatic information. [ 17 ] [ 18 ] [ 19 ] Under the right circumstances, rhodoliths can be the main carbonate sediment producers, [ 20 ] [ 21 ] often forming rudstone or floatstone beds ...
Coralline algae, which secrete calcium carbonate and play a major role in building coral reefs, belong there. Red algae such as Palmaria palmata (dulse) and Porphyra species (laver/nori/gim) are a traditional part of European and Asian cuisines and are used to make products such as agar, carrageenans, and other food additives. [16]
Biogenic calcium carbonate is formed when marine organisms, such as coccolithophores, corals, pteropods, and other mollusks transform calcium ions and bicarbonate into shells and exoskeletons of calcite or aragonite, both forms of calcium carbonate. [57] This is the dominant sink for dissolved calcium in the ocean. [114]
The most striking use of Ca 2+ ions as a structural element in algae occurs in the marine coccolithophores, which use Ca 2+ to form the calcium carbonate plates, with which they are covered. Calcium is needed to form the pectin in the middle lamella of newly formed cells. Calcium is needed to stabilize the permeability of cell membranes.