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First-order logic, a formal logical system used in mathematics, philosophy, linguistics, and computer science; First-order predicate, a predicate that takes only individual(s) constants or variables as argument(s) First-order predicate calculus; First-order theorem provers; First-order theory; Monadic first-order logic
First-order phase transitions exhibit a discontinuity in the first derivative of the free energy with respect to some thermodynamic variable. [6] The various solid/liquid/gas transitions are classified as first-order transitions because they involve a discontinuous change in density, which is the (inverse of the) first derivative of the free ...
A change order is work that is added to or deleted from the original scope of work of a contract. Depending on the magnitude of the change, it may or may not alter the original contract amount and/or completion date. A change order may force a new project to handle significant changes to the current project. [2]
First order LTI systems are characterized by the differential equation + = where τ represents the exponential decay constant and V is a function of time t = (). The right-hand side is the forcing function f(t) describing an external driving function of time, which can be regarded as the system input, to which V(t) is the response, or system output.
First-order logic also satisfies several metalogical theorems that make it amenable to analysis in proof theory, such as the Löwenheim–Skolem theorem and the compactness theorem. First-order logic is the standard for the formalization of mathematics into axioms, and is studied in the foundations of mathematics.
In a first-order chain, the states of the system become note or pitch values, and a probability vector for each note is constructed, completing a transition probability matrix (see below). An algorithm is constructed to produce output note values based on the transition matrix weightings, which could be MIDI note values, frequency ( Hz ), or ...
The first major issue with this new rule is that it narrows sex to two options: male or female. While these two categories are convenient, classification in biology is messy, and there are always ...
In the definition, the functional derivative describes how the functional [()] changes as a result of a small change in the entire function (). The particular form of the change in ρ ( x ) {\displaystyle \rho (x)} is not specified, but it should stretch over the whole interval on which x {\displaystyle x} is defined.