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The difference between broad and narrow is a continuum, but the difference between phonemic and phonetic transcription is usually treated as a binary distinction. [3] Phonemic transcription is a particularly broad transcription that disregards all allophonic differences (for example the differences between individual speakers or even whole ...
Two types of transcription software can be used to assist the process of transcription: one that facilitates manual transcription and the other automated transcription. For the former, the work is still very much done by a human transcriber who listens to a recording and types up what is heard in a computer, and this type of software is often a ...
broad transcription, mainly Koreanologists. ꞎ 𝼆 𝼄 belted letters voiceless lateral fricatives (retroflex, palatal, and velar) ɭ̊˔ ʎ̝̊ ʟ̝̊: now in the extIPA [11] ʎ: turned y: alveolo-palatal lateral approximant [ʎ̟] or [l̠ʲ] broad transcription, mainly Koreanologists and Sinologists ɲ: n with left hook: alveolo-palatal ...
narrow transcription Some transcriptions are broader or narrower (less precise or more precise phonetically) than others. Transcribing the English diphthongs in high and cow as aj aw or ai̯ au̯ is a less precise or broader transcription, since these diphthongs usually end in a vowel sound that is more open than the semivowels [j w] or the ...
Of more than 160 IPA symbols, relatively few will be used to transcribe speech in any one language, with various levels of precision. A precise phonetic transcription, in which sounds are specified in detail, is known as a narrow transcription. A coarser transcription with less detail is called a broad transcription.
Jones had encouraged Armstrong to write a phonetic reader of English in "narrow transcription". [73] One of the chief distinctions of "narrow transcription" for English was the use of the additional phonetic symbols for vowels, such as (as in the RP pronunciation of KIT), (FOOT), and (LOT). [74]