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For example, a skein of cotton would be 80 turns on a reel of 54 inches (140 cm) circumference, making 120 yards (110 m), while the standard length for wool worsted would be 80 yards (73 m). The tension of the yarn as it was wound onto the reel was important because it would be elastic and so a standard tension was required to ensure uniformity.
Spinner's weasel or clock reel is a mechanical yarn-measuring device consisting of a spoked wheel with gears attached to a pointer on a marked face (which resembles a clock) and an internal mechanism that makes a "pop" sound after the desired length of yarn is measured (usually a skein). The pointer allows the spinner to see how close they are ...
In 1700, the Italians were the most technologically advanced throwsters in Europe and had developed two machines capable of winding the silk onto bobbins while putting a twist in the thread. They called the throwing machine, a filatoio and the doubler a torcitoio. There is an illustration of a circular hand-powered throwing machine drawn in ...
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The literal meaning of Crois-iarna in English is yarn-cross, which perfectly describes the tool used for winding a measured length of spun and plied yarn. The yarn is wound around the crois-iarna (or niddy-noddy) off a spinning wheel's bobbin, to make a measured hank or skein of yarn used for knitting or weaving.
This can be done with scrap yarn, or with slip knots from the end of the skein. In either case, loosely securing each end with a slip knot makes it easier to find the ends in the finished skein. Generally 4 or more knots are tied. Once the yarn has been skeined, it can be dyed or washed to set the twist.