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The Pirani gauge is a robust thermal conductivity gauge used for the measurement of the pressures in vacuum systems. [1] It was invented in 1906 by Marcello Pirani. [2] Marcello Stefano Pirani was a German physicist working for Siemens & Halske which was involved in the vacuum lamp industry.
A vacuum gauge is used to measure pressures lower than the ambient atmospheric pressure, which is set as the zero point, in negative values (for instance, −1 bar or −760 mmHg equals total vacuum). Most gauges measure pressure relative to atmospheric pressure as the zero point, so this form of reading is simply referred to as "gauge pressure".
Many devices are used to measure the pressure in a vacuum, depending on what range of vacuum is needed. [39] Hydrostatic gauges (such as the mercury column manometer) consist of a vertical column of liquid in a tube whose ends are exposed to different pressures. The column will rise or fall until its weight is in equilibrium with the pressure ...
Pages in category "Vacuum gauges" The following 6 pages are in this category, out of 6 total. This list may not reflect recent changes. ...
The parent of all mercury pressure gauges is the mercury barometer invented by Evangelista Torricelli in 1643. [15] An early engineering application of the mercury pressure gauge was to measure pressure in steam boilers during the age of steam. The first use on steam engines was by James Watt while developing the Watt steam engine between 1763 ...
A glass McLeod gauge, drained of mercury. A McLeod gauge is a scientific instrument used to measure very low pressures, down to 10 −6 Torr (0.133 mPa). It was invented in 1874 by Herbert McLeod (1841–1923). [1] McLeod gauges were once commonly found attached to equipment that operates under vacuum, such as a lyophilizer. Today, however ...