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Electron tomography is an extension of traditional transmission electron microscopy and uses a transmission electron microscope to collect the data. In the process, a beam of electrons is passed through the sample at incremental degrees of rotation around the center of the target sample.
EFTEM – Energy filtered transmission electron microscopy; EID – Electron induced desorption; EIT and ERT – Electrical impedance tomography and electrical resistivity tomography; EL – Electroluminescence; Electron crystallography; ELS – Electrophoretic light scattering; ENDOR – Electron nuclear double resonance, see ESR or EPR
In contrast to other electron tomography techniques, samples are imaged under cryogenic conditions (< −150 °C). For cellular material, the structure is immobilized in non-crystalline, vitreous ice , allowing them to be imaged without dehydration or chemical fixation , which would otherwise disrupt or distort biological structures.
Electron microscopy has accelerated research in materials science by quantifying properties and features from nanometer-resolution imaging with STEM, which is crucial in observing and confirming factors, such as thin film deposition, crystal growth, surface structure formation, and dislocation movement.
Operating principle of a transmission electron microscope. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is a microscopy technique in which a beam of electrons is transmitted through a specimen to form an image. The specimen is most often an ultrathin section less than 100 nm thick or a suspension on a grid.
Most widespread instruments are using liquid metal ion sources (LMIS), especially gallium ion sources. Ion sources based on elemental gold and iridium are also available. In a gallium LMIS, gallium metal is placed in contact with a tungsten needle, and heated gallium wets the tungsten and flows to the tip of the needle, where the opposing forces of surface tension and electric field form the ...
Electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) is a form of electron microscopy in which a material is exposed to a beam of electrons with a known, narrow range of kinetic energies. Some of the electrons will undergo inelastic scattering , which means that they lose energy and have their paths slightly and randomly deflected.
For example, while the nominal binding energy of the C 1s electron is 284.6 eV, subtle but reproducible shifts in the actual binding energy, the so-called chemical shift (analogous to NMR spectroscopy), provide the chemical state information. [citation needed] Chemical-state analysis is widely used for carbon.