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  2. Three mountain problem - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three_mountain_problem

    The children were asked to hide another doll, a “boy” doll, away from both policemen's views. The results showed that among the sample of children ranging from ages 3.5-5, 90% gave correct answers. When the stakes were raised and additional walls and policeman dolls were added, 90% of four-year-olds were still able to pass the task. [7]

  3. Piaget's theory of cognitive development - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piaget's_theory_of...

    Inductive reasoning involves drawing ... Children use reversibility a lot in mathematical problems such as: 2 + 3 = 5 and 53 = 2. ... While 3- to 5- year olds ...

  4. Wason selection task - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wason_selection_task

    The Wason selection task (or four-card problem) is a logic puzzle devised by Peter Cathcart Wason in 1966. [1] [2] [3] It is one of the most famous tasks in the study of deductive reasoning. [4] An example of the puzzle is: You are shown a set of four cards placed on a table, each of which has a number on one side and a color on the other.

  5. Induction puzzles - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Induction_puzzles

    Induction puzzles are logic puzzles, which are examples of multi-agent reasoning, where the solution evolves along with the principle of induction. [1] [2]A puzzle's scenario always involves multiple players with the same reasoning capability, who go through the same reasoning steps.

  6. Ages of Three Children puzzle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ages_of_Three_Children_puzzle

    The Ages of Three Children puzzle (sometimes referred to as the Census-Taker Problem [1]) is a logical puzzle in number theory which on first inspection seems to have insufficient information to solve. However, with closer examination and persistence by the solver, the question reveals its hidden mathematical clues, especially when the solver ...

  7. Logical reasoning - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logical_reasoning

    A well-known issue in the field of inductive reasoning is the so-called problem of induction. It concerns the question of whether or why anyone is justified in believing the conclusions of inductive inferences. This problem was initially raised by David Hume, who holds that future events need not resemble past observations. In this regard ...

  8. Reason - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reason

    Reason is the capacity of consciously applying logic by drawing valid conclusions from new or existing information, with the aim of seeking the truth. [1] It is associated with such characteristically human activities as philosophy, religion, science, language, mathematics, and art, and is normally considered to be a distinguishing ability possessed by humans.

  9. The Hardest Logic Puzzle Ever - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Hardest_Logic_Puzzle_Ever

    The Hardest Logic Puzzle Ever is a logic puzzle so called by American philosopher and logician George Boolos and published in The Harvard Review of Philosophy in 1996. [1] [2] Boolos' article includes multiple ways of solving the problem.