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This help-page, Help:Lua debugging, explains issues of writing Lua script and debugging the source code, to remove errors or improve performance. Because Lua is a "semi-compiled" interpreted language, it does not prescreen for all common syntax errors, nor detect misspelled variables, which are only found at runtime when seeing the " Script ...
Help:Lua for beginners; Help:Lua debugging – about debugging Lua modules; Wikipedia:Lua style guide – standards to improve the readability of code through consistency; Module:Sandbox provides a pseudo-namespace for experimenting with Lua modules
Lua patterns deliberately lack the most complex regular expression constructs (to avoid bloating the Lua code base), where many other computer languages or libraries use a more complete set. Lua patterns are not even a subset of regular expressions, as there are also discrepancies, like Lua using the escape character % instead of \, , and ...
Almost any problem which occurs when running a Lua module will be reported as "Script error" during program execution, such as invalid data or a misspelled variable name in the Lua source code.
Lua 1.0 was designed in such a way that its object constructors, being then slightly different from the current light and flexible style, incorporated the data-description syntax of SOL (hence the name Lua: Sol meaning "Sun" in Portuguese, and Lua meaning "Moon").
Also, all Lua in the page is limited to 10 seconds CPU time (you can look in the source code of a rendered page to see how long a template or module took to parse). And relative to standard Lua, Scribunto's Lua lacks all sorts of functions (see mw:Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual § Differences from standard Lua).
They focus mainly upon what you might find different in Lua. Lua is dynamically typed. There's no static typing at all. From a syntactic point of view, think BASIC (or even COMAL) without line numbers and colons rather than C/C++/Java, Lisp/Scheme, or Forth. There's no begin, but most control structures have an end; for needs a do and if needs ...
Tarantool uses Lua as the stored procedure language for its NoSQL database management system, and acts as a Lua application server. TeamSpeak has a Lua scripting plugin for modifications. TI-Nspire calculators contain applications written in Lua, since TI added Lua scripting support with a calculator-specific API in OS 3+.