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This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 8 February 2025. 1948 military invasion of Hyderabad State by the Dominion of India Operation Polo The State of Hyderabad in 1909 (excluding Berar) Date 13–18 September 1948 (5 days) Location Hyderabad State, (parts of South and Western India) 17°00′N 78°50′E / 17.000°N 78.833°E ...
The Hyderabad massacres [8] were the mass killings and massacre of Hyderabadi Muslims and Dalits [9] that took place simultaneously with the Indian annexation of Hyderabad (Operation Polo). [ citation needed ] The killings were perpetrated by Hindu fanatic militias and the Indian Army .
Hyderabad State was a state in Dominion and later Republic of India, formed after the accession of the State of Hyderabad into the Union on 17 September 1948. [1] It existed from 1948 to 1956. Hyderabad State comprised present day Telangana , Marathwada , and Hyderabad-Karnataka .
Hyderabad's location in the middle of the Indian Union, as well as its diverse cultural heritage led to India's annexation of the state in 1948. [12] Subsequently, Mir Osman Ali Khan , the seventh Nizam, signed an instrument of accession , joining India.
The Razakars fought briefly against the overwhelming attack by Indian forces before surrendering on 18 September 1948. Mir Laik Ali, the prime minister of the Nizam, and Kasim Razvi were arrested. On 22 September 1948, the Nizam withdrew his complaint from the UN Security Council. The merger of Hyderabad into the Indian Union was announced.
It is defined in Article 2 of the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (CPPCG) of 1948 as "any of the following acts committed with intent to destroy, in whole or in part, a national, ethnical, racial, or religious group, as such: killing members of the group; causing serious bodily or mental harm to members of ...
Annexation is a unilateral act where territory is seized and held by one state, [4] as distinct from the complete conquest of another country, [a] [7] [8] and differs from cession, in which territory is given or sold through treaty. Annexation can be legitimized if generally recognized by other states and international bodies. [4] [9] [2]
In September 1948, the Dominion of India launched a military intervention for the annexation of Hyderabad. [50] [51] The intervention officially described as a "police action" was justified on the grounds of ending the undemocratic feudal regime of the Nizam and the razakar repression enabled by him. [52]